High-temperature initial oxidation behavior at 1000 C in LDX 2101 oxidized in a closed element is studied. The samples are investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, and Raman spectra. Results show differences in morphology and development of oxides on the two phases. In the initial stage, the oxide on austenite is granular, whereas that on the ferrite region is homogeneous. However, the entire surface is full of chromium oxide. In the austenite phase, oxide gradually changes from Fe 2 O 3 to Cr 2 O 3 . By contrast, oxide transforms from Mn 2 O 3 to Fe 2 O 3 and then to Cr 2 O 3 in the ferrite phase. In addition, manganese enrichment is observed in the entire oxidation process.
Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of iron content on the friction and wear performances of Cu–Fe-based friction materials under dry sliding friction and wear test condition. Design/methodology/approach Cu–Fe-based friction materials with different iron content were prepared by powder metallurgy route. The tribological properties of Cu–Fe-based friction materials against GCr15 steel balls were studied at different applied loads and sliding speeds. Meanwhile, microstructure and phases of Cu–Fe-based friction materials were investigated. Findings Cu–Fe-based friction materials with different iron content are suitable for specific applied load and sliding speed, respectively. Low iron content Cu–Fe-based friction material is suitable for a high load 60 N and low sliding speed 70 mm/min and high iron content Cu–Fe-based friction material will be more suitable for a high load 60 N and high sliding speed 150 mm/min. The abrasive wear is the main wear mechanism for two kinds of Cu–Fe-based friction materials. Originality/value The friction and wear properties of Cu–Fe-based friction materials with different iron content were determined at different applied loads and sliding speeds, providing a direction and theoretical basis for the future development of Cu–Fe-based friction materials.
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