This article introduces the verbs, which define cognitive processes. Cognitive activity begins with sensation and perception; there are also visual, auditory and other perceptions. The object of this study is the verbs of visual perception and its representation in the verb system of the Tatar language. In the Tatar language, there function a number of verbs, verb expressions, phraseological units that reflect various nuances of visual perception. The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that the functional-semantic, structural-derivational features of the verbs of visual perception, which make up a significant part of the lexical structure of the Tatar language, have not been studied. The study of semantic and word-formation peculiarities contributes to the most complete and comprehensive analysis of the lexical composition of the Tatar language. The conclusions made during the study are important for the construction of interpretations of the verbs of vision, for the integral description of the grammar. Students and teachers of the Tatar language can use the material presented in the classroom. The article provides all the meanings and nuances of the verbs of visual perception, which especially increases the threshold of difficulty in adequate perception and learning process of this material in the course of teaching the Tatar language as a foreign language. The results can be applied to the development of linguodidactic manuals, dictionaries and reference books for effective teaching of the Tatar language.
The article is focused on analyzing the specificity of lexical and grammatical means expressing the optativity semantics in Tatar and English. Examining the matter in question based on pieces of literature explained by a widespread use of optative verbs in fiction as those which are targeted at the sphere exclusively inherent to a person’s inner world. The final stage of the study addresses the social and pragmatic substantiation of linguistic peculiarities of the verb vocabulary expressing optative mood in differently structured languages – Tatar and English. Topicality of the study is reasoned by the fact that the verb optative mood category in modern world linguistics is not a subject of a special study at present. The insufficient coverage of the optativity linguistic category primarily initiates a considerable interest in its contrast-comparative study, which is to enable determining the boundaries of grammatical forms and lexical units expressing semantics of wish and identifying their semantic features. Complexity of the study is caused by the point the article addresses an unmediated translation of belles-lettres from English into Tatar being differently structured and genetically unrelated languages, which testified to the study topicality as well.
The development of intercultural relations and the globalization of multicultural civilization gives rise to the need for educational study the elements found in the language of each nation, not only in the national-cultural aspect but also in comparative translation. At the present stage of translation educational study development, special attention is paid to the issues of the national and historical specifics of the original work preservation and transmission in the process of translation into the language of another culture. This article discusses the linguistic realities and their role in the national and historical identity reflection of a different culture, presented in the context of a work of art. As the result of the study, the methods of Kazakh historical reality transmission are analyzed, and the specifics of their translation into Russian is described on the basis of the works of Kazakh writer Dukenbai Doszhan (XX century). The article highlights the sign of the “dual nature” of historical realities in archaized texts of fiction, on which the choice of a translation solution depends. The main results and conclusions of the study presented in this article show that the distance in time and space separating the source text from the text of translation inevitably leads to national-cultural biases, which should be taken into account during a text translation that must be adequate to the original text.
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