Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common among children and adolescents and can be affected by several factors such as puberty and obesity. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate vitamin D status in children and adolescents and to analyse the influence of puberty and obesity on its level. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried-out, in which clinical and biochemical data were gathered from 384 healthy children and adolescents between May 2019 to May 2020. Results: 220 females and 164 males were enrolled (aged 7-16 years; mean ± SD: 11 ± 2.5). Vitamin D deficiency was found in 49% of the total cases and was significantly more prevalent in females than males (33.1% in female; 15.9% in male, P < .001). Mean vitamin D level was lower in obese children compared with non-obese ( P < .001). Non-obese group had significantly higher levels of vitamin D in Tanner stage IV of puberty than obese individuals (20.1 ± 17.0 vs 5.4 ± 2.0) ( P = .03). Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in females than males only in Tanner stage II (12.3 ± 9.0 vs 19.6 ± 16.6) ( P = .005). The lowest level of Vitamin D was in Tanner stage Ⅳ-Ⅴ in boys and in Tanner stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ in girls ( P < .001). Conclusion: Puberty is an additional risk factor for vitamin D deficiency especially in girls and obese children. This increased risk, together with the fact that most important time for building a proper skeleton is during childhood and adolescent, makes it essential to monitor vitamin D in these age groups.
Background
Despite several studies comparing off- and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the effectiveness and outcomes of off-pump CABG still remain uncertain.
Methods
In this registry-based study, we assessed 8163 patients who underwent isolated CABG between 2014 and 2016. Propensity score matching (PSM), inverse probability of weighting (IPW) and covariate adjustment were performed to correct for and minimize selection bias.
Results
The overall mean age of the patients was 62 years, and 25.7% were women. Patients who underwent off-pump CABG had shorter length of hospitalization (p < 0.001), intubation time (p = 0.003) and length of ICU admission (p < 0.001). Off-pump CABG was associated with higher risk of 30-days mortality (OR: 1.7; 95% CI 1.09–2.65; p = 0.019) in unadjusted analysis. After covariate adjustment and matching (PSM and IPW), this difference was not statistically significant. After an average of 36.1 months follow-up, risk of MACCE and all-cause mortality didn’t have significant differences in both surgical methods by adjusting with IPW (HR: 1.03; 95% CI 0.87–1.24; p = 0.714; HR: 0.91; 95% CI 0.73–1.14; p = 578, respectively).
Conclusion
Off-pump and on-pump techniques have similar 30-day mortality (adjusted, PSM and IPW). Off-pump surgery is probably more cost-effective in short term; however, mid-term survival and MACCE trends in both surgical methods are comparable.
Background
Although the negative impacts of idiopathic hirsutism (IH) on psychological aspects are well‐documented, there is no enough study estimating the prevalence of this endocrine disorder.
Objective
This meta‐analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of IH in the women population.
Methods
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were explored to obtain papers published from inception to September 2020 investigating the prevalence of IH in women. A meta‐regression was conducted to assess the impact of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnostic criteria, and ethnicity on the pooled prevalence of IH.
Results
Of 8346 records retrieved through searching databases and other sources, eight studies were selected for the final analyses. The pooled prevalence of idiopathic hirsutism among women, regardless of PCOS diagnostic criteria, and the race was 7.74% (95% CI: 4.10, 14.14). The meta‐regression analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of idiopathic hirsutism did not significantly differ based on the PCOS diagnostic criteria and ethnicity. A subgroup analysis based on the PCOS criteria showed the pooled prevalence of 7.24% (95% CI: 2.84, 17.24), 13.05% (95% CI: 10.02, 16.81), and 3.12% (95% CI: 2.16, 4.48) for NIH (National Institutes of Health), Rotterdam, and not reported PCOS diagnostic criteria groups, respectively. The subgroup analysis based on the ethnicity estimated a pooled prevalence of 6.01% (95% CI: 1.87, 17.69) and 9.36% (4.07, 16.63) for European and Asian groups, respectively.
Conclusion
The meta‐analysis demonstrated that the pooled prevalence of IH was 7.74% and there was no difference between PCOS criteria and ethnicity subgroups.
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a mesenchymal neoplasm, which mostly originating from pleura but occasionally from other parts of the body including deep soft tissue, peritoneum, mediastinum, bones, orbit, and parotid glands. [1][2][3][4][5] Extrapleural SFTs are extremely rare and affect males and females equally. 6 Complete surgical resection is the main treatment if possible. 7 Although most SFTs have benign behavior, local recurrence or histologic malignancy could notice in 10%-30% of these kinds of tumors. 6 Herein, we describe SFTs arising from pericardium as a rare condition with some complications during index admission.
BackgroundAs the era of big data analytics unfolds, machine learning (ML) might be a promising tool for predicting clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive ability of ML models for estimating mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Materials and methodsVarious baseline and follow-up features were obtained from the CABG data registry, established in 2005 at Tehran Heart Center. After selecting key variables using the random forest method, prediction models were developed using: Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes (NB), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Random Forest (RF) algorithms. Area Under the Curve (AUC) and other indices were used to assess the performance.ResultsA total of 16,850 patients with isolated CABG (mean age: 67.34 ± 9.67 years) were included. Among them, 16,620 had one-year follow-up, from which 468 died. Eleven features were chosen to train the models. Total ventilation hours and left ventricular ejection fraction were by far the most predictive factors of mortality. All the models had AUC > 0.7 (acceptable performance) for 1-year mortality. Nonetheless, LR (AUC = 0.811) and XGBoost (AUC = 0.792) outperformed NB (AUC = 0.783), RF (AUC = 0.783), SVM (AUC = 0.738), and KNN (AUC = 0.715). The trend was similar for two-to-five-year mortality, with LR demonstrating the highest predictive ability.ConclusionVarious ML models showed acceptable performance for estimating CABG mortality, with LR illustrating the highest prediction performance. These models can help clinicians make decisions according to the risk of mortality in patients undergoing CABG.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.