Background: Oxygen-centre free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced in vivo, resulting in cell death and tissues damage. Besides, the increasing resistance to existing antimicrobial agents has become a major problem. The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the Thapsia garganica L. leaves and roots. Methods: Broth dilution and single spore methods were developed and seven microorganisms were used. The evaluation was performed by measuring the diameter of the growth inhibition zones around the holes via the determination of the inhibition percentage of mycelium growth. Result: The determination of the polyphenol contents, total flavonoids and condensed tannins of the aqueous extract for both leaves and roots gave respectively (2.21 mg, 2.63 mg/100 mg gallic acide equivalents), (2.39 mg, 0.49 mg/100 mg catechin equivalent), (0.12 mg, 0.04 mg/100 mg catechin equivalent) in dry matter. The results of antioxidant activity showed that the methanolic, flavonoids and tannins extracts showed a potent scavenging activity with IC50 = 0.41; 0.81; 1.39; 1.80 and 1.90 mg/ml, respectively. As regards for antimicrobial activity, an important inhibition of the proposed extracts has been observed against the tested strains.