ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bovine torovirus (BoTV) in bovine fecal samples and to determine whether a relationship exists between BoTV and diarrhea in Japan. Ninety-nine diarrheic and 114 normal fecal samples from calves in Hokkaido Prefecture and 38 diarrheic fecal samples from calves in 10 other prefectures were examined by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with primers designed in the spike (S) gene for the presence of BoTV. The specimens were also examined for the presence of other enteric pathogens, bovine rotavirus, coronavirus and Cryptosporidium spp. BoTV RNA was detected in 15 (15.2%) of the 99 diarrheic samples from Hokkaido and in 9 (23.7%) of the 38 diarrheic samples from the other prefectures. The incidence of BoTV in control specimens was 7.0%. In 11 of the 15 BoTV-positive specimens from Hokkaido, BoTV was the only pathogen detected among those examined, and 11 BoTV-positive specimens were obtained from calves less than 2 weeks of age. Rotavirus was confirmed to be associated with calf diarrhea, but coronavirus and Cryptosporidium spp. were not. Nucleotide sequences of 17 different BoTV RT-PCR products were determined. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences revealed that Japanese BoTVs could be classified into at least two groups. This study showed that BoTV is a common virus in fecal specimens of calves with diarrhea in Japan and may be an important pathogen of cattle, principally in young calves less than 2 weeks of age.
Accumulation of abdominal fat triggers metabolic syndrome, which is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, such as dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension, that leads to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Mushrooms have been used as a foodstuff and folk medicine worldwide. Among these mushrooms, Sparassis crispa (SC) is a relatively newly cultivated edible and medicinal mushroom, which has been reported to have anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive properties. However, little is known about the anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic properties of SC. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dietary SC on lipid metabolism and energy expenditure in Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity and diabetes, and conducted respiratory gas analysis to determine how energy metabolism is altered by SC. After feeding periods of 3 and 7 weeks, dietary SC had significantly reduced hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol contents in a dose-dependent manner. These changes were attributable to suppression of fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in the liver and increased insulin sensitivity in the body. In addition, after a feeding period of 6 weeks, dietary SC significantly increased energy expenditure through carbohydrate oxidation, reducing abdominal fat mass after 7 weeks. In conclusion, our results indicate that in addition to the previously reported anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive activities, dietary SC exhibits anti-obesity and anti-hyperlipidemic activities that help protect against metabolic syndrome.
Linoleic acid (LA) has a two-sided effect with regards to serum cholesterol lowering and pro-inflammation, although whether this fatty acid reduces serum cholesterol and the development of atherosclerosis under high-cholesterol conditions has yet to be ascertained. In this study, we examine the effects of dietary LA on reducing serum cholesterol and atherosclerosis development under high-cholesterol conditions. Male and female apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apo E-/-) mice were fed AIN-76-based diets containing 10% saturated fatty acids and 0.04 % cholesterol (SFA), 10% LA and 0.04% low cholesterol (LALC), or 10% LA and 0.1% high cholesterol (LAHC) for 9 weeks. The results revealed significant reduction in serum cholesterol levels and aortic lesions with increasing levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers (urinary isoprostane and aortic MCP-1 mRNA) in male and female LALC groups compared with those in the SFA groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, whereas there were significant increases in the serum cholesterol levels and aortic lesions (P < 0.05), there was no difference in aortic MCP-1 mRNA levels in male and female LAHC groups compared with those in the LALC groups. A high dietary intake of cholesterol eliminated the serum cholesterol-lowering activity of LA but had no significant effect on aortic inflammation in either male or female ApoE-/- mice. The inhibitory effect of LA on arteriosclerosis is cancelled by a high-cholesterol diet due to a direct increase in serum cholesterol levels. Accordingly, serum cholesterol levels might represent a more prominent pathogenic factor than aortic inflammation in promoting the development of atherosclerosis.
Dietary phospholipids have been traditionally known to affect micelle formation. Egg yolk-derived lysophospholipids (LysoPL) are commercially available. We investigated the effects of dietary LysoPL on lymphatic lipid transport. We also compared sn-1 LysoPL and sn-2 LysoPL, which have different fatty acyl esterification positions. Thoracic lymph duct-cannulated rats were fed a diet supplemented with egg yolk-derived sn-1 LysoPL, sn-2 LysoPL, or phospholipids (PL). The amount of lymphatic lipid transport was also evaluated. Time courses of transport were applied to the one-compartment model as one of the pharmacokinetic analyses. The solubility of cholesterol in bile acid micelles was measured. Compared to the PL diet, the sn-1 and sn-2 LysoPL diets significantly reduced the lymphatic transport of cholesterol. There were no differences in the lymphatic PL and TAG transport. There was no difference in cholesterol transport between the sn-1 LysoPL group and the sn-2 LysoPL group; however, the transport rate constant at a decrease in lymphatic cholesterol was lower in the sn-1 LysoPL group than in the sn-2 LysoPL group. Cholesterol solubility in bile acid micelles was significantly decreased in the sn-1 LysoPL and sn-2 LysoPL groups compared to that in the PL group. Dietary LysoPL affects the behavior of intestinal cholesterol and suppresses lymphatic cholesterol transport.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.