Produced water is the largest byproduct generated by the oil and gas industry. Water injection, considered as the best answer for produced water disposal, is not always possible due to reservoir constraints. The secondary produced water treatment facility in Mutiara Central Plant, VICO Indonesia, is a phenol treatment plant (PTP). It is processing approximately 8000 BPD produced water before being released to the Dondang River. A biologically activated sludge process is applied to reduce the pollutant content so the disposed water complies with onshore waste water disposal regulation for oil and gas production industry on Permen LH 04/2007. The process reduces chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, phenol, sulfide, and oil and grease content in the produced water. Frequently since 2008, high COD and ammonia content above the regulated thresholds (200 mg/L for COD and 5 mg/L for ammonia) in disposed produced water has been observed.A field investigation was conducted to collect integrated data of recent process parameters. The field data were then compared to design conditions, industrial practices, and literature to a determine root cause tree. In addition, a feed batch activated sludge pilot was constructed and study on inlet COD source was performed for comprehensive study.The field investigation revealed that root causes limiting the phenol treatment performance were higher oil content and COD in the inlet stream, highly fluctuating inlet debit, lack of oxygen supply, and inadequately designed and maintained clarifier and return sludge system. Following minor mitigation actions in January 2010 such as chemical process optimization, adjusting nutrient doses, adding sugar, fresh microbes, and routine maintenance, the effluent quality data has improved to just bellow the threshold. Six major improvements were proposed to improve PTP performance and effluent quality; e.g. repair pre-heater, construct new secondary clarifier, replace existing return sludge pump with proper capacity, install three more aerators, utilize K1 as equalization pond, and repair existing drying bed. VICO Indonesia has committed to commissioning the first four recommendations by the end of 2011.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a methodology for assessing the environmental impacts of a product. PT Pertamina Hulu Mahakam - BSP Site has conducted an LCA study to quantify the environmental impact of natural gas and crude oil producing and then identify the activities that give significant impact on the environment which is referred to as a hotspot. The methodology used in this LCA study refers to ISO 14040:2016 and 14044:2017. The impact categories considered are Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), Photochemical Oxidant Creation Potential (POCP), Abiotic Depletion Potential (AD), Abiotic Depletion Potential -fossil (ADP-fossil), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), Eco-Toxicity Potential (ETP), Land Used (LU) and Water Footprint (WFP). The result of this study identifies several activities in PT Pertamina Hulu Mahakam – BSP Site that can be categorized as hot spot: (1) The oil and gas extraction process, (2) Emission from transportation activities (3) Emission from electricity generator unit and compressor unit (4) Gas venting from surface facilities (5) Steel production that used in offshore platform infrastructure and (6) Fugitive emission from produced water. Several recommendations have been proposed to reduce the impact of those activities: reduce water content in the oil and gas extraction process, optimized transportation routes, use more environmentally friendly fuel for transportation activities, optimize the performance of compressor and electricity generator, and install the new offshore platform with a slimmer design. This study shows that LCA can help oil and gas producers to improve operational efficiency and reduce the impact on the environment to achieve sustainable development.
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