No abstract

Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate oxidative stress and apoptosis in kidney tissues of male Wistar rats that pre-and postnatally exposed to wireless electromagnetic field (EMF) with an internet frequency of 2.45 GHz for a long time. Methods The study was conducted in three groups of rats which were pre-natal, post-natal. and sham exposed groups. Oxidative stress markers and histological evaluation of kidney tissues were studied. Results Renal tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant (TOS) levels of pre-natal group were high and total antioxidant (TAS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were low. Spot urine NAG/ creatinine ratio was significantly higher in pre-and post-natal groups (p50.001). Tubular injury was detected in most of the specimens in post-natal groups. Immunohistochemical analysis showed low-intensity staining with Bax in cortex, high-intensity staining with Bcl-2 in cortical and medullar areas of pre-natal group (p values, 0.000, 0.002, 0.000, respectively) when compared with sham group. Bcl2/Bax staining intensity ratios of medullar and cortical area was higher in pre-natal group than sham group (p ¼ 0.018, p ¼ 0.011). Conclusion Based on this study, it is thought that chronic pre-and post-natal period exposure to wireless internet frequency of EMF may cause chronic kidney damages; staying away from EMF source in especially pregnancy and early childhood period may reduce negative effects of exposure on kidney.ARTICLE HISTORY

Consanguineous marriage is traditionally common throughout the eastern Mediterranean region. Research has suggested that it is closely linked to the sociocultural and socioeconomical status of individuals, and education plays a critical role in decreasing the number of cases. This study aimed to determine the effects of a formal training programme on consanguineous marriages on the knowledge of, and attitudes towards, consanguineous marriage of high school students (n=804) in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Seniors from three randomly selected public high schools participated in the pre-test and post-test design study. To determine the effects of the programme, students who received the training were compared with those who did not receive any formal training about the subject. After the post-tests were administered, data were collected and analysed using chi-squared and McNemar tests. The results showed significant differences in knowledge and attitudes among the students who had received the formal training programme and those who had not. In addition, the results indicated potential peer influence between the students who received training in consanguineous marriage and those who did not.

We present, a family manifesting a variation of the syndrome of ectrodactyly with tibial apasia. The principal case in the family showed the most severe bilateral skeletal malformations of this syndrome. The hand changes of this case (tetra-oligodactyly with missing 5th rays) and of a relative (oligodactyly with the last 3 rays being affected) reflected a variable manifestation of "ectrodactyly". Additionally, a review of the relevant literature is presented for further delineation of various aspects of this syndrome.

HAV and HEV infection were both caused by a contaminated water supply.

Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) occurs as an acute and life-threatening event in neonates.

Pertussis, a highly contagious respiratory disease, commonly affects infants and young children and can be fatal, especially in babies less than one year of age. Bordetella pertussis continues to circulate even in populations where a high vaccine coverage of infants and children is achieved. Adults are reservoirs for infections in infants, in whom pertussis may be severe and life-threatening. Despite the rising rates of vaccination in our country and all over the world for the past 25 years, the number of pertussis cases among adolescents and adults has been increasing. To decrease the risk of pertussis infection and thus protect adults and adolescents against pertussis, booster doses should be administered to preschool children and adolescents. In order to decide when to administer the booster doses in a country, age-specific seropidemiology of the disease should be known. The aim of this study was to determine the pertussis toxin antibody levels of fully vaccinated healthy children in Isparta, Turkey, aged 10-15 years old. A total of 296 participants, that comprised fully vaccinated 254 healthy elementary-school students aged between 10-15 years (126 male, 128 female) and 42 adults between 18-39 years old (21 male, 21 female) were included in the study with informed consent. The sensitivities of subjects to pertussis were tested by the determination of pertussis toxin IgG levels with the use of commercial ELISA test (Genzyme Virotech, Germany). In our study, the seropositivity rate was found 12.6% (32/254) for 10-15 age group, however all the adult subjects were seronegative. Thus the total seropositivity rate was estimated as 10.8% (32/296). Pertussis toxin IgG seropositivity rate was 12.7% (16/126) for males and 12.5% (16/128) for females, and there was no significant gender difference (p> 0.05). The highest seropositivity rates were detected at 10(th) (23.8%) and 11(th) (19%) years in males, and 12(th) and 14(th) (23.8%) years in females. No seropositivity was detected in individuals over age 15 in our study. Since adults lose their immune protection gained by pertussis vaccination, they start becoming an infection source for infants. Therefore, a booster dose of acellular pertussis vaccine should be considered in preschool period and at ages 14-18. Further studies regarding diagnosis and surveillance of pertussis disease are required, as well as enhancement of vaccination rates.

Acute pancreatitis in children is an increasing health problem. Pancreatitis can have multiple and complex etiologies in children. Acne is an extremely common pathology worldwide, affecting around 79%–95% of adolescents in the western world. Isotretinoin has been used to treat the most severe cases of acne. A serious complication is pancreatitis, either idiosyncratic, and not preventable or predictable; or due to elevated triglycerides. Triglyceride are elevated in practically all patients on isotretinoin, but may not be abnormal, or too minimally elevated to pose a pancreatitis risk.A 18-year-old female presented to the adolescent clinic complaining of abdominal pain. She was taking isotretinoin for moderate to severe inflammatory acne. She described sharp, nonradiating, postprandial pain in the upper abdomen. There had been several episodes of emesis. Initial laboratory values included a negative pregnancy test, a nonfasting cholesterol of 182 mg/dL, with a triglyceride level of 66 mg/dL. Liver function test revealed alkaline phosphatase 68 IU/L; SGOT 44 U/L; and SGPT 56 IU/L. The serum amylase was 3182 IU/L (0–88) and lipase was 7323 U/L (16-63). Ultrasonography showed that the enlargement pancreas with pancreatic hetetrogeneity and peripancreatic fluid collection. The patient was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis and the isotretinoin was discontinued. No genetic mutations for Cystic Fibrosis or Chronic Pancreatitis was highlighted. The imaging with ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revelled no alterations in the biliary tree nor of pancreas and its ducts.Isotretinoin -induced pancreatitis does not depend on triglyceride serum level and may occur any time after the onset of therapy. Her case emphasises the need to consider the possibility of pancreatitis in patients who develop abdominal pain while receiving this drug.