The influence of the presence of neighboring entities on drag in blood flow where the dominating mechanisms are expected to be viscous, drag, and gravity forces is investigated in a 3-D anatomically realistic right coronary artery. A classical Eulerian multiphase model on the Fluent v6.3.26 platform is used to model pulsatile non-Newtonian blood flow. Two new drag models based on the mixture viscosity concept are developed by using the drag similarity criteria. In literature, drag models based on the mixture viscosity concept are only depended on volume fraction and show Newtonian viscosity effects on drag. However, mixture viscosity depends on the primary independent variables such as the volume fraction and the shear rate in most of the dispersed flows like blood flow. Non-Newtonian drag effects on red blood cell are so calculated by using these new volume fraction and the shear rate dependent drag models. Five different drag models including these new drag models are used to model the blood flow in this study to investigate the effectiveness of drag force model on blood flow.

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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling based on a commercial package, FLUENT, has been used in the present study. The primary aim of this study is to develop a novel implant by employing CFD techniques. Firstly, CFD analyses on the best design commercially available, which is the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV®), are accomplished. In the light of the results, the new design focus is selected as the valve. The new design is analysed using GAMBIT and FLUENT software. CFD analyses of the new design and the AGV® are compared and the strengths of the new design are revealed. The results are also compared with the experimental studies AGV® in the literature. It is deduced that the proposed model shows a nonlinear pressure drop response, which is quite similar to that of AGV®. The optimum combination would be a flow rate of 2.5 μl/min and a pressure drop of 1054.58 Pa for the proposed model.

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