Turkey, with an apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) production amount of 833,398 tons per year, ranks first in fresh apricot production and dried apricot export in the world. Malatya, Iğdır, and Elazığ with amounts of apricot production constitute the main apricot production centers in Turkey. Many table and dried apricot cultivars have been grown in Turkey. Economically important apricot cultivars such as cv.Şalak (or Aprikoz), cv.Tebereze, cv.Ordubat, cv.Ağcanabat, and cv.Ağerik are widely grown in the Aras Valley, including Iğdır and Kağızman. In this study, DNA barcoding of local cultivars based on the ITS region was performed and their distribution was shown in the Aras Valley. The reactions of these apricot cultivars to the causal agents of bacterial canker, which negatively affect the yield and quality of apricot cultivation, were also determined. Alternative methods such as image-processing technology and CHAID analysis have also been successfully used for cultivar reaction tests. It was determined that "cv.Şalak" is the most common apricot cultivar in the Aras Valley. In addition, the Ağcanabat cultivar was sensitive to the causal agents of disease, and other local apricot cultivars were tolerant to it.
Meta-analysis is a statistical method in which the results of studies conducted on a specific subject independently are evaluated together. This method aims to estimate the parameters more reliably by increasing the sample size. In this study, it was examined that the change of lameness according to lactation order in Holstein dairy cows by meta-analysis. The data obtained from different farms were assumed as the results of 34 different studies showing the change of lameness according to the lactation order, and a meta-analysis was conducted. Lameness was determined by using a lameness score scale with 5 levels. Lameness scoring with five levels was converted into binary definition as 0 for healthy cows (cows with lameness score 1 or 2) and 1 for lame cows (cows with lameness score 3, 4 or 5). One-Step (Peto) Method for odds ratio and Q test statistic for determination of heterogeneity among studies were used. Odds ratio obtained from different studies are combined with fixed effect model and overall odds ratio was found significant (P<0.001) with level of 0.574 which means lameness in the first lactation is 0.574 times less likely than in the second lactation. It was determined that the 95% confidence interval for this ratio ranged from 0.387 to 0.852. As a result, it was revealed by meta-analysis that there is a relationship between lactation order and lameness level in cattle and that the risk of lame in cattle in the first lactation is lower than in the second lactation. Although meta-analysis is a method that is becoming widespread in every field, it is more widely used in the field of health sciences, where there are some restrictions in increasing the number of observations in individual studies due to the use of human resources in their studies. It is thought that the obtained study results will contribute to introduce of meta-analysis in discrete data and widely use in animal husbandry.
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