The study was primarily designed to explore public perception and attitude towards transit advertisements in Pakistan. The population of this study comprised of passengers who travel outside of Multan city. The data was collected through a survey (questionnaire) which was designed after the observation of advertisements by the researchers. A total 400 of passengers, who were waiting for the departure in the passenger’s lounge of intercity bus terminals, filled the questionnaire including both males and females, ages ranging from 18 years to onwards. Perception of passengers was explored in association with the age group regarding various aspects of transit advertisements in terms of liking, reliability, beautification, economic value, society norms, joy, and entertainment source. The results demonstrated that people having different ages perceived transit advertisements differently in all dimensions. The second objective of the study was to explore appealing attitudinal factors and their association with gender regarding attention, understanding, buying, novelty, and recalling of advertisements, results revealed that both males and females had different attitudes towards all aspects. The study also found significant associations between ‘product buying and authenticity’ and ‘perceived novelty and recall of transit advertising.
Civil and military leadership of Pakistan have always played tremendous role and formulating and executing different policies regarding every issue of state. The significance of mainstream print media cannot be neglected as it forms public option regarding civil and military institutions in all countries. There, the research has been designed to analyse portrayal of Pakistani civil and military leadership by four newspapers of UK and USA (Telegraph, Guardian, New York Times & Washington Post) during tenures of PPP (1995-1996 & 2008-2013). Quantitative content analysis has been adapted as research methodology to analyse features/articles, editorials and news stories in 9 major categories and 13 sub-categories with total 4053 published items in domain of civil & military leadership of Pakistan regarding different issues of the tenures of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). Findings have divulged that British and American newspapers covered news stories against of military leadership of Pakistan especially in category of terrorism while greater pro-civilian coverage has been found in comparison of pro- military coverage in tenures PPP. Mr. Asif Ali Zardari has been covered with more negative representation before in power as compared to his regime as President of Pakistan. On the basis of cumulative representation in all categories, overall impression of Pakistan has been reflected negative and unfavourable in British and American Print Media.
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