X-ray transparent crystallization plates based upon a novel drop-pinning technology provide a flexible, simple and inexpensive approach to protein crystallization and screening. The plates consist of open cells sealed top and bottom by thin optically, UV and X-ray transparent films. The plates do not need wells or depressions to contain liquids. Instead, protein drops and reservoir solution are held in place by rings with micrometre dimensions that are patterned onto the bottom film. These rings strongly pin the liquid contact lines, thereby improving drop shape and position uniformity, and thus crystallization reproducibility, and simplifying automated image analysis of drop contents. The same rings effectively pin solutions containing salts, proteins, cryoprotectants, oils, alcohols and detergents. Strong pinning by rings allows the plates to be rotated without liquid mixing to 90 for X-ray data collection or to be inverted for hanging-drop crystallization. The plates have the standard SBS format and are compatible with standard liquid-handling robots.
The purpose of the study was to quantify the impact of traffic conditions, such as free flow and congestion, on local air quality. The Borman Expressway (I-80/94) in Northwest Indiana is considered a test bed for this research because of the high volume of class 9 truck traffic traveling on it, as well as the existing and continuing installation of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) to improve traffic management along the highway stretch. An empirical traffic air quality (TAQ) model was developed to estimate the fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) emission factors (grams per kilometer) based solely on the measured traffic parameters, namely, average speed, average acceleration, and class 9 truck density. The TAQ model has shown better predictions that matched the measured emission factor values more than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-PART5 model. During congestion (defined as flow-speeds Ͻ50 km/hr [30 mi/hr]), the TAQ model, on average, overpredicted the measured values only by a factor of 1.2, in comparison to a fourfold underprediction using the EPA-PART5 model. On the other hand, during free flow (defined as flowspeeds Ͼ80 km/hr [50 mi/hr]), the TAQ model was conservative in that it overpredicted the measured values by 1.5-fold.
Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration. AbstractThe purpose of the study was to quantify the impact of traffic conditions such as free flow and congestion on local air quality. The Borman Expressway in Northwest Indiana is considered a test-bed for this research due to the high volume of class-9-truck traffic traveling on it, as well as the existing and continuing installation of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) to improve the traffic management along the highway stretch.An empirical Traffic-Air-Quality model (TAQ model) was developed to estimate the PM 2.5 emission factors (g/mi) based solely on the measured traffic parameters such as average speed, average acceleration and truck density. The TAQ model has shown better predictions that matched the measured emission factor values more than the EPA-PART5 model. During congestion (speeds < 30 mi/h), the TAQ model, on average, over predicted the measured values by 1.2 fold, in comparison to the 4.0 fold under predictions of the EPA-PART5 model. On the other hand, during free flow (speeds > 50 mi/h), the TAQ model, on average, over predicted the measured values only by 1.5 fold.The measured values as well as the TAQ model have shown that the PM 2.5 emission factors change more aggressively with respect to the average truck speeds on the Borman Expressway than the EPA-PART5 model predictions which assume constant emission values with respect to speed. On average, a 74% improvement in PM 2.5 air quality is expected when the average Borman speed range is improved from < 30 mi/h to >50 mi/h (based on reduction of mass emitted per mile [g/mi]). Additional 39% (on average) improvement in the PM 2.5 emissions on the Borman Expressway were found when traffic flow speeds increased from 55 mi/h to 75 mi/h. An autoregressive (AR) model was also developed to forecast hourly averaged emission factors using the TAQ model. The AR-TAQ model has shown the ability to predict PM 2.5 emission factors based on traffic parameters.. There are different types of air pollutants that have significant impact on human's health and the environment, such as carbon monoxide (CO), hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), lead (Pb), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), particulate matter (PM 10 , and PM 2.5 ) and sulfur oxides (SO x ). This review will focus mainly on particulate matter 2.5 micrometer in diameter or less (PM 2.5 ).Particulate matter is the term used for a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air such as sea salt, soil dust, smoke, sulfates, nitrates, some organic compounds, and exhaust of diesel engines. In general, are particles with sizes ranging from 0.001 to 500 µm in diameter (Wark et. al, 1998). The bulk particulate size distribution in the atmosphere ranges from 0.1 to 10 µm. Particles with diameters ranging from 1 to 20 µm have settling velocities, yet these velocities are considerably small compared to the wind velocities and therefore these particles tend to follow the motion of the gas...
ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and safety of two uterine sparing techniques in conservative management of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).MethodsThis multicenter randomized controlled study was conducted from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020 at two university hospitals. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups; Group 1 was managed by Assar's technique and Group 2 was managed by Shehata's technique. Operative time, blood loss, operative complications (organ or vessel injury), and postoperative complications (early and late) were reported. Success of the technique, units of blood transfusion, and intensive care unit admissions were recorded.ResultsDemographic data in both groups were not significantly different. The mean gestational age at the delivery time was 36 weeks in both groups. Operative time was 120 (100–140) minutes and 75 (60–100) minutes in Assar's and Shehata's techniques, respectively (P < 0.001). Blood loss was higher in Shehata's technique than in Assar's (P < 0.001). Intensive care unit admissions were minimal in both groups. Operative complications were comparable in both groups. The success of Assar's and Shehata's techniques in uterine preservation was 85% and 95%, respectively.ConclusionBoth techniques were safe and successful in uterine sparing. Therefore, we recommend these techniques for conservative management of PAS.Clinical trial registrationThe trial was registered on UMIN‐CTR and had the unique ID: UMIN000025315 on the following link: https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi‐open‐bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000029120.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.