There is an interactive relationship between leukaemia and oxidative stress. Leukaemic cells produce larger amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than non-leukaemic cells as they are under a continual state of oxidative siege. So, this study was performed on 20 patients with chronic leukaemia from the Oncology Centre, Mansoura University. We measured leucocytic H(2)O(2) concentrations and lipid peroxidation as serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, serum total antioxidant activity, plasma ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid concentrations, blood reduced glutathione concentration, haemolysate G6PD activity, blood catalase activity, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and serum anti-dsDNA concentration. We found that chronic leukaemia patients showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in leucocytic H(2)O(2), serum MDA concentration and total antioxidant activity either before or after treatment as compared with control group. Also, there was a significant increase in the other parameters (glutathione, catalase and SOD) either before or after treatment, but we found a significant decrease in ascorbic acid concentration and G6PD activity. There was a significant increase in anti-dsDNA concentration either before or after treatment. It can be concluded that leukaemic patients produce larger amounts of ROS than non-leukaemic patients. Also, the increase in antioxidant activity in leukaemic patients is not high enough to counteract the harmful effects of free radicals. This scenario becomes worse after administration of chemotherapy.

Background Eosinophilic cystitis (EC) is a rare inflammatory urinary bladder disorder whose etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment are unknown. The work aims to evaluate the clinical manifestations, cystoscopic characteristics, pathological features, treatment, and clinical outcome of EC patients. Materials and methods The clinical records and histopathology material of 22 patients diagnosed as EC during ten years were reviewed and analyzed for patient's age, sex, clinical data, cystoscopic features, biopsy procedures, treatment plan, follow-up, and prognosis. Frequencies, normality tests, descriptive statistics, and correlations were run. Results The mean age of patients was 46.5 + 17 years, 12 females and 10 males. Regarding the patient's complaints, dysuria was the most frequent main symptom, followed by hematuria. On cystoscopic examination, bladder mass was seen in 54.5% of patients. Six patients (27.3%) were associated with different allergic diseases; however peripheral eosinophilia was shown in two patients (9.1%). All cases revealed predominance of eosinophilic infiltration on microscopic examination. The most commonly used medications were corticosteroids for 72.7% of patients with tapering dose giving a significant improvement with a recorded recurrence in one patient after 12 months from the first lesion. Conclusions No specific clinical presentation for EC patients and histopathology is the standard diagnostic tool. Medical treatment including corticosteroids was the first line with good prognosis, although recurrence remains a possibility which emphasizes the importance of patients’ follow-up.

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Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare type of mesenchymal neoplasm that first was discovered in the pleura but can also affect the peritoneum, lungs, mediastinum, and skin. Cutaneous malignant SFT is an extremely rare tumor that resembles dermatofibrosacoma protuberance (DFSP) histologically and immunohistochemically. Herein, we describe a case of malignant SFT that presented as a recurrent mass on the scalp. The first lesion was totally excised one year before recurrence and was diagnosed as a DFSP based on the histopathology and cluster of differentiation 34 immunostaining positivity. Re-examination of the previously examined specimen was considered. Activator of transcription 6 positivity was also detected in the tissue, confirming the diagnosis of a recurrent malignant SFT rather than DFSP. There was no evidence of recurrence, locoregional, or distant metastases at six months after lesion removal with a safety margin.

Urothelial papilloma is a rare benign neoplasm composed of a delicate fibrovascular core covered by normal urothelium. In this report, we present a case of an incidentally detected endovesical papillary growth in ultrasound scan (USS) during a routine check-up, suggestive of bladder tumor which was also suggested by CT urography. The tumor was initially managed with transurethral resection and immediate intravesical instillation of mitomycine C 40 mg. The histopathologic assessment of the specimen concluded that the growth was "urothelial papilloma with no atypia or malignancy." Although papilloma is unequivocally benign, it can recur; recurrences can be multiple and can occur years after the initial diagnosis occasionally with progression to carcinoma, hence long-term surveillance is essential. Our case was followed up for a year with no signs of recurrence or progression and long-term surveillance will be done annually.

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Background: Nasal polys [NPs] are frequently encountered in otorhinolaryngology practice. It had been proposed to share etiological origin with eosinophilic esophagitis [EOE]. However, there is not yet adequate estimations of this association and incidence of NPs recurrence after endonasal surgery in patients with EOE. Aim of the work: To evaluate incidence of recurrence of NPs after endoscopic endonasal surgery for patients with EOE. Patients and Methods: 150 patients were included and divided into three groups: the control [CG] [50 patients indicated for gastroscopy]. The nasal polyp's subgroups consisted of 100 patients and further subdivided into two groups according to result of nasal biopsy into two subgroups, eosinophilic nasal polyps [ENP] group IIA; non-eosinophilic nasal polyps [NENP] group IIB. In NPs subgroups, sinonasal outcome test [SNOT22] had been performed to measure the health status and quality of life in patients with NPs through questions relating to their symptoms. The recurrence of nasal polyps were investigated after endoscopic sinus surgery and during follow up and outcome had been compared between groups. Results: 22% suffered polyp recurrence after surgery during the follow-up period. Patients with EOE had a significantly higher recurrence rate of nasal polyps [100%] in comparison to 16.4% in EOE patients. These results indicate that, mucosal eosinophilia is a determinant factor in the recurrence of nasal polyps. Hence in patients with EOE [had mucosal eosinophilia] who underwent endonasal surgery, the recurrence of nasal polyps should be highly expected. Conclusion: Mucosal eosinophilia in patients with EOE, and ENP are a more important prognostic factor in recurrence of nasal polyps.