With the massive use of cotton fibers in textile industries, the wastes produced have continuously increased, causing environmental problems. Valorization of these viable and sustainable cellulose sources may offer a variety of value-added products. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have gained attention as they are renewable, inexpensive, biocompatible materials with excellent properties that allow them to be used in many applications. In this study, CNCs were isolated from cotton linters by sulfuric acid hydrolysis, characterized by FTIR analysis for functional groups identification. XRD revealed a crystallinity value of 63.2 % with an identical peaks pattern to CNCs. TEM analysis illustrated rod-shaped structures in the nanorange. The degradation temperature for the CNCs was 170 oC based on TGA analysis.
AIM:This work investigated associations between tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 and diabetic cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetic patients; also it investigated the role of osteopontin in the diagnosis of type 2 cardiovascular diabetes complications.SUBJECTS AND METHODS:These were examined on eighty subjects, divided into three groups as follows: twenty volunteer healthy control subjects, thirty type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and thirty cardiovascular, diabetic patients. Full clinical measurements were carried out, and the expression level of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 in blood samples was analysed by real-time PCR, using gene-specific primer pairs. Also osteopontin concentrations had been measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were tested statistically by parametric tests.RESULTS:The concentrations of osteopontin and the expression levels of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 were significantly increased in diabetic and cardiovascular diabetic groups compared to control group also they were significantly increased in the cardiovascular diabetic group compared to the diabetic group.CONCLUSION:Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 and osteopontin concentrations were significantly increased in diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications than other groups.
Graphene oxide (GO) is an oxidized nanosheets of graphite with a 2D planar structure. GO could be readily complexed with bio-entities as it possesses many oxygen-containing functionalities on its surface. The preparation process is fast, easy, and cost-effective. It was prepared using modified Hummers’ method in acidic solution as a primary solvent and potassium permanganate as an oxidizing agent. Afterwards, it was successfully characterized by FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy, as well as XRD and Raman spectroscopy, and finally, SEM analysis. It was observed that the formed GO is mainly composed of carbon and oxygen elements rich in oxygen functional groups. Furthermore, the existence of (001) plane in XRD interprets the complete oxidation of graphite with d-spacing 9 Å. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy displayed the sp3 carbon hybridization, besides, the ID/IG ratio is found to be 0.84, which confirms the disorder between graphene oxide layers. The SEM images also pointed out that graphene oxide sheets were regularly stacked together as flake-like structures. Accordingly, the richness of oxygen-containing functionalities was confirmed. Hence, it is appropriate to be used as a base transducer for biosensing applications.
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles and polyaniline (PANI) are widely used in many potential applications. This work establishes a new formulation that functionalizes the surface of mesoporous silica MCM-41 nanoparticles with a brush polymer of polyaniline to synergistically combine their properties. The new formulation is designed to fit in many applications due to its high surface area and good electrical conductivity. Results showed the successful preparation of MCM-41 with a spherical porous structure. The polyaniline functionalization on MCM-41 was confirmed by FTIR.
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