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Complexes of the type R2SnL2, where R = phenyl, butyl and methyl and LH = 2-thioacetic-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole, have been synthesized and characterized by physico-chemical (elemental analysis, and electrolytic conductance) and spectral (UV-Visible, IR and (1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR) techniques. Monomer structures for the complexes, bidentate and octahedral geometry was proposed for the complexes prepared. Preliminary in vitro tests for fungicidal activity show that all prepared compounds display good activity to Gibberela, Cercospora arachidicola, Physolospora piricola and Fusarium oxysporum. Moreover, the Ph2SnL2 shows a higher inhibition percentage then diorganotin carboxylate.

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A total of five new metal complexes derivatives of 2-{[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylimino]methyl}phenol (HL) with the metal ions [Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Sn(II)] have been successfully prepared in alcoholic medium. The complexes obtained are characterized quantitatively and qualitatively by using microelemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, 1 H and 13 C NMR, magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. From the spectral study, all the complexes obtained as monomeric structure and the metals centre moieties are four-coordinated with distorted tetrahedral geometry except Cu(II) complex which existed as a distorted square planar geometry. The preliminary in vitro antibacterial screening activity revealed that complexes 1-5 showed moderate activity against tested bacterial strains and slightly higher compared to the parent ligand.

The ethanol extract of Citrus maxima fruit peel was evaluated for its hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic activity in normal and Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, using fasting and glucose tolerance test measurements. Experiments were performed using Thirty-Two Male Wister albino rats randomly divided into 4 groups and each group have 8 animals. Group1 assigned as a control injected with normal saline only. Group 2 assigned as a diabetic control injected with Streptozotocin 50mg/Kg, Group 3 assigned for diabetic + Citrus maxima in a dose of 400mg/Kg, Group 4 is assigned for the diabetic + Citrus maxima in a dose of 600mg/Kg. The Streptozotocin is injected intraperitonially to all animal in the groups except the control group. Blood samples were collected from animal before and at 21th day end of the study period. Body weight, blood glucose, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and HDL cholesterol were analysed using diagnostic kits. Serum was separated from blood samples collected. In addition oral glucose tolerance test was performed in overnight fasted control animals. Results showed that Citrus maxima extract possesses significant antidiabetic activity against streptozotocin induced diabetic rats by decreasing blood glucose levels, maintaining body weight, and serum lipid concentrations to approximate normal level. Furthermore, the extract of the title plant possesses dose dependent antidiabetic activity.

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