The prevalence of HI did not differ across settings and was more common than reported in children from developed countries. The screening results also suggest that professionals with limited audiology background can be trained to implement hearing screening programs in Egyptian schools.

Aim this study was to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in various occupations in Northern State, Sudan, during 2012. A total of 753 serum samples (from 21 veterinarian, 39 meat inspectors, 407 abattoir workers and 286 animal handlers) in different localities were collected and screened for brucella antibodies by using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Serum Agglutination Test (SAT) and 2 Mercaptoethanol Test(2MET). Then information's of occupation, age, sex, kind of work were recorded. Seroprevalence of brucellosis in veterinarians, meat inspectors, abattoir workers and animal handlers was 9.5%, 15.3%, 24.4% and 26.5% respectively. The variations in antibodies detected by RBPT, SAT and 2 ME test in the high risk individuals. Study documents the serological evidence of Br. abort infection in high risk groups in Northern State particularly in Sudan, where RBPT can be used successfully in hospitals as screening test.

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Introduction: Repair of the nasal defects is one of the most challenging areas for the reconstructive surgeons due to the lack of uniform skin thickness, complex contours, and small close subunits. Our aim is to utilize the bipaddle forehead flap with a cartilage graft in between for simultaneous cutaneous and lining reconstruction of the hemi-nasal defect after excision of the basal cell carcinoma. Patients and Methods: Our study included 25 patients with full thickness hemi-nasal defects after excision of basal cell carcinoma. We utilized the sandwich forehead flap which is bipaddle (cutaneous and periosteal layers) based on the deep and superficial perforator branches of the supratrochlear artery respectively, and cartilage graft in between. Results: Age of the patients ranged from 40 to 65 years (mean age of 51 years). With a follow-up period ranged from 6 to 18 months (mean of 11 months), no flap necrosis nor cartilage exposure were observed. Twelve cases only came back for debulking. Conclusion: The bipaddle forehead flap with intervening cartilage graft offers a good option for reconstruction of full thickness hemi-nasal defect with no extradonor site morbidity.