New N‐halamine polymeric compounds were prepared by reacting cyanuric acid and polyacrylonitrile. Grafting of acrylonitrile monomer onto cotton linters was carried out and the product was reacted with cyanuric acid and finally was chlorinated. Cyanoethylation of polyvinyl alcohol was performed using acrylonitrile monomer to give polyvinylcyanoethyl ether, which, in turn, was reacted with cyanuric acid. The biological activity of the various chlorinated compounds obtained was examined against Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacteria using columns and dishes methods. A high disinfecting power of the chlorinated compounds obtained was observed. Thus, the bacteria was deactivated after the first cycle without contact with the product. All of the compounds prepared were insoluble in water and most of inorganic solvents. These compounds were also found to be very stable and did not decompose to give any toxic compounds. Thus, the chlorinated compounds prepared had no harmful effects on humans.

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If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractA series of novel halamine polymers known as pyrimidinone biocidal polymers were prepared by reacting poly-4vinylacetophenone with urea and benzaldehyde to form 1H,3H,6H,-4(4 0 -polystyreno)-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-2-one, which on chlorination yielded 1Cl,3H,6H,-4(4 0 -polystyreno)-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-2-one. The same reaction was also carried out using the derivatives of benzaldehyde such as p-nitrobenzaldehyde and p-methoxybenzaldehyde under the same reaction conditions. . Electronic access

Graphene has been extensively explored to enhance functional and mechanical properties of metal matrix nanocomposites for wide-range applications due to their superior mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. This article discusses recent advances of key mechanisms, synthesis, manufacture, modelling and applications of graphene metal matrix nanocomposites. The main strengthening mechanisms include load transfer, Orowan cycle, thermal mismatch, and refinement strengthening. Synthesis technologies are discussed including some conventional methods (such as liquid metallurgy, powder metallurgy, thermal spraying and deposition technology) and some advanced processing methods (such as molecular-level mixing and friction stir processing). Analytical modelling (including phenomenological models, semi-empirical models, homogenization models, and self-consistent model) and numerical simulations (including finite elements method, finite difference method, and boundary element method) have been discussed for understanding the interface bonding and performance characteristics between graphene and different metal matrices (Al, Cu, Mg, Ni). Key challenges in applying graphene as a reinforcing component for the metal matrix composites and the potential solutions as well as prospectives of future development and opportunities are highlighted.