The indoor wireless communication in general, suffers from several challenges like, signal reflection, diffraction, and attenuation. With these problems, the error range is increased significantly and the accuracy will be lost. To address those problems, Mini Zone (MZ)e technique propos in this paper which aim to partition building into small areas lead to more simplicity and flexibility to assign suitable parameters for specific area rather than whole building. To do that, case study building separated to seven zone (A-G). Each zone has its specific characteristics related to its contents such as, objects, walls, windows and any types of materials in addition to the distance between transmitters and each zone. We took in account these specific parameters to estimate the correct position. 56 receivers (8 for each zone) and 3 transmitters deployed in the case study building. The Wireless Insite Package has been used to design the chosen building and measure the required parameters. The target position has been estimated depending on RSS and ToA methods The objectives of this study are to implement a dynamic system that has capabilities to estimate position under deference conditions like LOS or NLO with the same accuracy. In addition, study the suitability of TOA and RSS methods to estimate position. These objectives were done based on the proposed technique by decrease error in the whole system to an acceptable level to be (0.293502m). Also, the results confirm that the TOA method was better than RSS by using propos technique.
Due to limitations and complexity in indoor communications, many wireless technologies deployed to correspond with those challenges. The Ultra-Wideband (UWB) wireless communication for indoor environments is one of the widespread bands developed for convey high data rate. The other widespread band is 2.4GHz based on Wi-Fi technology. Each of the mentioned bands could be convenient for specific areas and not for others based on long or short-range communications. In this paper, both bands are applied for indoor environments to find the target’s locations. A new technique based on Multi-Scale Bands with Dynamic approach (MSBD) is applied to implement an optimum system. The three dimensional (3D) case study building designed based on Wireless Insite Package with real building geometric measurements. It is worth to mention that both bands are applied based on dynamic parameters to assign specific parameters for specific environments. The average error in the whole building based on static parameters using UWB is (1.023m) while (0.452m) based on individual 2.4GHZ. The obtained results confirm that the proposed MSBD technique is significantly outperformed individual band with static parameters. The enhancement is noted from error range which improved from (1.023m) to (0.08m) for UWB and (0.452m) to (0.15m) for 2.4GHz. For optimum system, the UWB was deployed for a distance under (10m) and Wi-Fi for other distance. By deploying both technologies and using the dynamic system, the performance of the proposed system worked with accurate measurements in short and long-distance in addition to both LOS and NLOS scenarios identify relevant articles in literature searches, great care should be taken in constructing both.
There are some constraints and challenges in the big building, hence, the Global Positioning Systems (GPS) doesn’t work so well. To address this problem, indoor localization systems carried out based on methods like the Receive Signal Strength (RSS) and Time of Arrival (ToA). However, harsh indoor environments still a big challenge due to the impact of other signal sources or movements of people into the building. Subsequently, the test of signal changeable with time under several conditions. To overcome those problems, Average samples of RSS (ASRSS) proposed in this paper by measure the 63 samples. The Net Spot software was experimental software to measure RSS values in a continuous way with time. The final reference RSS measurements resulting in an average of 63 samples. In the simulation side, Wireless Insite Package (WPI) used to design a Three-Dimensional (3D) case study building. The results of RSS based on the ASRSS technique confirm that the RSS in simulation and experimental sides so close to estimation calculations. The enhancements of estimate RSS lead to estimate accurate position with average errors equal to (0.098m).
Indoor position localization suffers from the regressive signal when the system implement based on Receive Signal Strength (RSS) and time synchronization when implement based on Time of Arrival (ToA). Those problems lead to high error in terms of position localization. To mitigate those errors many techniques and methods are deployed such as NLOS identification, Maximum Likelihood (ML), and weighted least-squares (WLS). In this paper, a new technique based on optimization of transmitter location has been proposed by separating the case study building into multi-zone, each zone having specific parameters which defer from other ones. The deployed receivers were 8 for the zones (A-F) and 20 into the zone G to be 68 for the whole system. There are three transmitters deployed with a changeable position to select a better one. The results confirm that the error improved from (0.638m) based on individual TOA to (0.136m) by using propose Multi-zone ToA, while improved from (0.756m) rely on individual RSS to (0.1223m) based on Multi-Zone RSS.
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