E-learning refers to the dependence on the technology in education. Applying e-learning in high-education institutions is important for facilitating the educational process. This research identifies obstacles impeding e-learning at the faculties of tourism and hotels in the Egyptian public universities. It depended on primary data through addressing (150) questionnaires to the teaching staff of the mentioned faculties to evaluate their application of e-learning and identify its problems. The research also depended on secondary data related to its subject. The findings revealed that the majority of the mentioned faculties apply e-learning, specially after the recent Corona virus pandemic. However, there are some problems hindering the e-learning effectiveness in these faculties e.g. the inadequate acquaintance with it. Therefore, the research recommends providing clear criteria for e-learning in the mentioned faculties coping with its electronic nature and providing practical workshops about e-learning for the teaching staff, students and parents to raise their awareness about it.
The market share that an airline companies has, depends on the marketing process of its products and services. Adopting untraditional ways of marketing can be one of the key factors towards achieving success for these companies. This research aims at clarifying the impact that guerrilla marketing can play as an untraditional marketing tool for increasing the market share of EgyptAir Airlines. By adopting guerrilla marketing, EgyptAir's tickets can be marketed in a unique, interesting and a low cost way, and as a result the company's market share will be increased. This research presents an investigation into the guerrilla marketing concept, its role and the extent of its adoption in EgyptAir Airlines. The research depended on primary data through carrying out interviews with eighteen members of the marketing and sales department at the senior management of EgyptAir Airlines. The research also depended on utilising different sources of secondary data related to its subject. The findings have revealed that guerrilla marketing is not widely adopted on EgyptAir Airlines except for the use of some signs, hoardings and logos' models of EgyptAir and Star Alliance in airports. The findings have also revealed that digital marketing is the marketing method that EgyptAir Airline basically depends on. Therefore, the research recommends adopting guerrilla marketing in EgyptAir Airlines to act as an ancillary form of marketing alongside the digital marketing and the other marketing practices that are already adopted in EgyptAir Airlines so that the market share of the company can be increased.
Strategic performance evaluation has become an important way for ensuring the proper function of work in different establishments and organisations. It plays an important role in assessing the financial, operational and competitive performances of the establishment's work environment. Because of the importance of the tourism sector in Egypt and the vital role it plays in the Egyptian economy and the entire development process, this study aims at identifying the extent of evaluating the strategic performance in tourism and hospitality establishments in Egypt. The study depended on primary data through addressing (11) questionnaire forms to managers of four and five-star hotels in Alexandria, as well as (42) questionnaire forms to managers of travel agencies "category A' in Alexandria; distributed from October to December, 2018 in order to evaluate the strategic performance and identify how it is implemented in these important establishments. The study also depended on secondary data represented in Arabic and English books, periodicals, theses, dissertations and reports that are related to the subject of study. The findings of the study have revealed that there is no optimum implementation of the strategic performance evaluation in tourism and hospitality establishments in Egypt. The study recommends establishing an administrative department for delivering reports to the general manager regarding strategic planning, monitoring and evaluation as well as adopting regular internal and external evaluations for ensuring the level of strategic performance.
This study tests the impact of the tourism demarketing mix (product, price, place, promotion) on tourists’ intention to reduce revisits to nature reserves in Egypt. In particular, this work focuses on the moderating role of switching cost. Data were collected from 401 tourists of the Wadi Degla and Petrified Forest nature reserves in Egypt. Path analysis is employed to test the research hypotheses using WarpPLS 6. Findings confirm that the tourism demarketing mix significantly affects tourists’ perception and intention to reduce revisits to the nature reserves. Lower switching cost partially enhanced the relationship between the tourism demarketing mix and tourists’ intention to reduce revisits. Regarding implications, managers can use findings from this study to design marketing plans that contribute to sustainable stewardship of destinations and protect nature reserves. Limitations and conclusions were also provided.
The crafts' value is widely acknowledged for the cultural heritage, and deserved attention to its different applications in tourism. This illustrates the key role that crafts play in preserving the traditional heritage. This research depended upon primary data through addressing 450 questionnaire forms to tourists: from October 2019 to January, 2020. The number of valid forms was 392, representing 87.1%. The questionnaires were formed to shed light on the role of crafts villages as a way towards preserving the Egyptian cultural heritage and identify the tourism marketing process of Gharb Soheil. It also depended upon secondary data related to the research's subject. The findings have revealed that despite the significant cultural value of Gharb Soheil crafts village and the importance of its crafts in preserving a part of the Egyptian cultural heritage, there is no effective marketing for it.
Slum tourism refers to that form of speciality tourism, which involves organising tours to impoverished areas in some cities. This research aims at activating slum tourism in Egypt for benefiting from its role in developing slums of Egypt 'applied on slums of Alexandria City'. The research depended on primary data through targeting 520 online questionnaire forms at a random sample of respondents. The questionnaire was designed for gathering answers on applying slum tourism to benefit from its role in transforming slums into developed urban areas. The research also depended on secondary data related to the subject of study. The findings revealed that slum tourism attracts high expenditure niche tourists which can affect positively on the Egyptian tourism sector. Furthermore, it can be a successful way towards developing slums in Egypt by donating a portion of its tours' profits in developing slums of Alexandria, and then other Egyptian cities can act accordingly. The research recommends raising the local people's awareness of slum tourism and its importance. It also emphasises the co-operation amongst Egyptian travel agencies in Egypt, the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, and local Egyptian development institutions in achieving this goal.
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