No abstract

No abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains have veterinary and public health importance as they are responsible for a wide range of difficult to treat infections and food poisoning. Two hundred samples (50 samples each of minced meat, beef luncheon, Karish cheese, and human samples (pus swab from open wounds)) were cultured, and MRSA strains were identified using disk diffusion tests and mecA gene-based PCR. A total of 35% (70/200) of the examined samples were confirmed as coagulase-positive S. aureus in minced meat (46%), beef luncheon (44%), Karish cheese (44%), and human samples (22%). The MRSA strains showed resistance to amoxicillin (91.4%), penicillin (97.1%), cefoxitin (85.7%), cephradine (82.9%), tetracycline (57.2%), and erythromycin (52.8%). More than half of the tested S. aureus isolates harbored the mecA gene. The sequence analysis of the mecA gene from the minced meat, Karish cheese, and human samples revealed high genetic similarities between the S. aureus isolates from these sources. In conclusion, our findings indicate a risk for the transmission of the mecA gene of S. aureus across the food chain between humans and animal food products. Further studies should focus on finding additional epidemiological aspects of the MRSA strains in food chain.

Three different diets were formulated with three levels of metabolizable energy (ME) (optimum; 2900, restricted; 2800 and low; 2700 kcal ME/kg diet) without or with (0 and 0.15%) betaine supplementation in 2 × 3 factorial design to evaluate the effect of six experimental diets on performance, proteins and lipids profiles, bioenergetics, peroxidation and meat quality of Japanese quail. Therefore, 360 quails allocated into six groups in a 23-day experiment. Dietary betaine and ME levels did not affect the performance, meat energy indices (ATP and AMP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of Japanese quail meat. Dietary betaine and/or ME levels induced significant changes in serum triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterols (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), meat total lipids and cholesterol of Japanese quail. Optimum and restricted ME levels reduced total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) whereas dietary betaine increased ecosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) and glutamine concentrations in breast meat of Japanese quail. Dietary betaine and low energy diet improved cooking loss, thawing loss (ThL) and water holding capacity (WHC) in breast meat of Japanese quail. Conclusively, dietary betaine improved meat quality of Japanese quail fed diets containing either restricted or low ME by enrichments the meat with omega-3 fatty acids and reduction of lipids levels.

Staphylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus)is Gram-positive bacterium commonly associated with food poisoning diseases. This pathogen is responsible for food-borne illnesses outbreaks associated with the consumption of food especially meat products. The aims of this study were to evaluate the ability of Staph. aureus recovered from food contact surfaces in meat processing environment of Egypt for biofilm formation and to test their susceptibility to the commercially used sanitizers including Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs, 200ppm), Sodium hypochlorite (200ppm) and Iodine (2.5%). The ability of isolates for biofilm formation and their sensitivity to sanitizers were investigated in 96-well flat bottom microtiter plates. Twelve strains were obtained from 120 food contact surfaces (FCS) using standard microbiological techniques. All isolated strains 100% (12/12) manifested high ability to form biofilm, which was classified as a strong type. Further, the application of QACs, Sodium hypochlorite and iodine generated a reduction of (76.77%), (71.38%) and (15.84%) in the biofilm formation, respectively. Conclusively, all sanitizers were not 100% efficient in removing the biofilm formed by isolated Staph. aureus on polypropylene. Therefore, vigilant food safety practices need to be implemented in the meat processing environment, at meat processing plant and food services establishments, especially for FCS to prevent foodborne infections and intoxications due to S. aureus contamination from biofilms. BiofilmCross-contamination Food processing environment Sanitizers.

Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important pathogen leading to multiple nosocomial outbreaks. Here, we describe the genomic sequence of a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii sequence type 164 (ST164) isolate from a hospital patient in Sudan. To our knowledge, this is the first reported draft genome of an A. baumannii strain isolated from Sudan.

We report here the whole-genome sequence of Escherichia coli NUBRI-E, a representative of E. coli clone O25:H4 sequence type 131 with bla CTX-M-15 , which was obtained from a Sudanese patient with a urinary tract infection. E scherichia coli is the most common uropathogen associated with urinary tract infections globally, including Sudan (1-3). Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains harbor virulence factors, which are usually encoded on pathogenicity islands, providing a mechanism for coordinated horizontal transfer of virulence genes (4, 5). Furthermore, the presence of multidrug-resistant UPEC strains harboring several virulence factors is a major risk factor for inpatients (6). Here, we report the draft genome sequence of E. coli clone O25:H4 sequence type 131 (ST131) (NUBRI-E), which was isolated in Sudan.A urine sample was collected, via the clean-catch method, from a 22-year-old male patient who had been admitted to the Omdurman Teaching Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan, with a urinary tract infection. The specimen was inoculated directly onto MacConkey agar and then incubated overnight at 37°C under aerobic conditions. The colony was identified using Gram staining and biochemical tests, including the oxidase test, catalase test, Kligler's iron agar test, sulfide indole motility test, citrate agar test, and urea test. The Analytical Profile Index was used to confirm the species (7).The genomic DNA was extracted using a QIAamp DNA minikit (Qiagen, Germany). Paired-end libraries were prepared using the Nextera DNA Flex library preparation kit, followed by sequencing (2 ϫ 300 bp) on a MiSeq platform (Illumina, Inc., USA). The sequenced reads were quality trimmed using Sickle version 1.33 (https://github.com/ najoshi/sickle). Sickle was run using the following parameters: t sanger, q 20, and l 75. De novo assembly was performed using SPAdes version 3.11.1 (8). SPAdes was run using the parameter only-error-correction. All resultant contigs were then submitted to GenBank, where gene annotation was implemented using the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP) version 4.8 (9). Serotyping (O-antigen and flagellin genes) was performed with SerotypeFinder version 2.0 (10), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) with mlst (https://github.com/tseemann/mlst), and antibiotic resistance gene determination with ResFinder version 3.2 (11).A total of 1,777,192 sequencing reads were obtained. The assembled genome was composed of 156 contigs (55.6-fold coverage), all of which were longer than 200 bp (the longest contig was 511,930 bp), covering 5,239,013 bp, with a GC content of 50.7% and N 50 value of 182,864 bp. The NUBRI-E genome was found to harbor 5,050 proteincoding genes, 89 RNA genes, and 176 pseudogenes, as predicted by the NCBI PGAP. The O-and H-antigen types of NUBRI-E are O25 and H4, respectively. MLST based on the seven-allele scheme (E. coli scheme 1) indicated ST131. ResFinder was used to identify acquired antimicrobial resistance genes, with default parameter settings. Mul-Citation Mohamed SB, Hassan MM, Kambal S...

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that accounts for a significant proportion of hospital-acquired infections and is a leading cause of nosocomial outbreaks. Here, we describe the genomic sequence of a highly resistant K. pneumoniae sequence type 14 (ST14) strain isolated from Sudan.