Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Based on molecular studies and DNA sequencing, E. granulosus has been classified into 10 different genotypes (G1 to G10). Two neighboring countries, Turkey and Iran, are considered the two main foci of CE in the Middle East. The current study is aimed at examining the genotype diversity of E. granulosus isolated from human clinical samples in Turkey and Iran. Surgically removed human hydatid cysts were collected from East Azerbaijan and Fars provinces in Iran and Van province in Turkey. After extracting DNA, performing PCR, targeting the cox1 gene, the PCR products were purified from the gel and were sequenced from both directions. The sequences were aligned and compared, using BioEdit and also the BLAST program of GenBank. The maximum likelihood tree was constructed based on the Tamura-Nei model, using the MEGAX software. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the human isolated samples were classified into two major clades: G1 (from Iran and Turkey) and G3 (5 samples from northwestern Iran and one sample from Turkey). The mean and degree of genetic divergence (K2P) between the two major clades, G1 and G3, were 0.2% and 0.7±0.4%, respectively. The findings of the current study revealed that the sheep strain (G1) and the less important strain G3 have major roles in the transmission cycle of CE in two neighboring countries, Iran and Turkey. Therefore, it is necessary to interpose the life cycle of this parasite and reduce the disease burden in livestock and humans by adopting common regional preventive and control policies.
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a common helminthic disease induced by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus). According to the World Health Organization data, this disease is endemic in South America, Eastern Europe, Russia, the Middle East and China and exhibits a high annual incidence rate of 50 per 100.000 people in these regions (1,2). In humans, the organs that CE is commonly observed are the liver and the lungs. Cysts are identified less frequently in other organs. Cysts may be localized in an organ and structure such as abdominal or pleural cavities, kidney, spleen, bone, brain, eye, ovary,
Background: We aimed to determine the frequency and subtype of B. hominis in diabetic patients.
Methods: One hundred and fifty diabetic patients and 100 healthy people without any chronic disease were included in the study. Stool samples were analyzed by native-Lugol, condensation, trichrome staining and PCR methods.
Results: İn 150 patients with diabetes; B. hominis was detected in 38 (25.3%) by PCR, in 34 (22.7%) by native-Lugol and trichrome staining. In the control group, 14 (14%) out of 100 subjects were positive by PCR, and 10 (10%) were positive by native-Lugol and trichrome staining. In the statistical evaluation, a significant difference was found between gender (P=0.023), age (P=0.045; ≤35 and >35 comparison), duration of diabetes (P=0.04), the HbA1c value (P=0.023; <8 and ≥8 comparison), and B. hominis positivity. ST1 was determined in 76.9% of patients with diabetes, and ST2 was determined in 23.07%. Considering the 3 methods, B. hominis positivity was detected in 40 patients (26.7%) in diabetic group and in 14 participants (14%) in the control group (P=0.011).
Conclusion: B. hominis is a factor to be considered in patients with diabetes. Herein, the most common subtype detected in the patients with diabetes mellitus was ST1, but this result was not considered sufficient to reveal the importance of the subtype factor in the pathogenicity of B. hominis in patients with diabetes. In this context, there is a need for more comprehensive studies in both diabetic and other immunocompromised patient groups.
In this study, it has been aimed to determine the knowledge level of the students of Van Yuzuncu Yıl University Health Services Vocational School, who will serve as the health personnel of the future, about parasitic diseases, prevention and control measures from these diseases. A total of 587 students, comprising 418 (71.2%) females and 169 (28.8%) males, studying at Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Health Services Vocational School, were included in the study. The questions in the questionnaire were arranged in three groups, as those about parasitic diseases, transmission routes of these diseases, and prevention and treatment. Cronbach alpha coefficients were calculated within the scope of the reliability analysis of the questionnaire questions. The Cronbach alpha values for the domains of Knowledge Level About Parasitic Diseases, Knowledge Level About the Transmission of Parasitic Diseases, and Knowledge Level About the Prevention and Treatment of Parasitic Diseases were determined as 0.647 (64.7%), 0.707 (70.7%), and 0.566 (56.6%), respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between the departments included in the study in terms of the level of knowledge about parasitic diseases (P < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the departments in the evaluation made between the level of knowledge about the prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases and the personal characteristics of the students (P < 0.05). As the result, it was observed that the students participating in the study did not have sufficient knowledge about parasitic diseases.
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