Objectives:To determine the associated clinical symptoms and prevalence of Blastocystis hominis (B. hominis).Methods:Stool samples of 50,185 patients (26,784 males and 23,401 females) who were received at the Parasitology Laboratory of Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey in the last 5 years were inspected microscopically using saline and iodine-stained wet-mount preparations. Age, gender, and symptoms of patients were recorded and their significance was evaluated.Results:The prevalence of B. hominis in the total sample was 0.54% (275/50185). Out of 275 infected patients, 143 (52%) were males, and 132 (48%) were female (χ2=0.884; p=0.348). The distribution of B. hominis infection was high in 7-13 aged children (34.9%) (χ2=306.8; p=0.001). Blastocystis was higher among symptomatic patients (70.2%) compared with asymptomatic patients (29.8%) (χ2=107.13; p=0.001). The most frequent clinical symptoms associated with the disease were abdominal pain (27.3%) and diarrhea (19.6%) followed by anorexia, fever, saliva, anal itching, and nausea.Conclusion:Blastocystis hominis is considered a causative agent of human disease in patients with recurrent symptoms. Due to the significant risk for zoonotic transmission, molecular techniques must be used to determine the route and source of infection.

Amaç: Echinococcus granulosus, yaşam döngüsü paterni ve konak tiplerine göre çeşitlilik gösteren farklı suşlara sahiptir. Şimdiye kadar bu parazitin 10 genotipi, moleküler yöntemler kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye ve İran'daki hayvanlarda E. granulosus metasestodlarının genotipik çeşitliliğinin değerlendirilmesi ve karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: İran'ın Doğu Azerbaycan eyaletindeki Bonab şehrindeki (30 koyun ve 30 sığır dahil olmak üzere 60 örnek) ve Türkiye'nin Van şehrindeki (15 koyun ve 15 sığır dahil olmak üzere 30 örnek) endüstriyel kesimhanelerinden hidatik kist ile enfekte Objective: Echinococcus granulosus contains a complex of different strains that represent diversity in the pattern of the life cycle and also their host types. So far 10 genotypes of this parasite have been identified, using molecular methods. The current study aimed to evaluate and compare the genotypic diversity of E. granulosus metacestodes from livestock of Turkey and Iran. Methods: A total of 90 livestock liver and lung organs infected with hydatid cyst from industrial slaughterhouses of Bonab Province in the East Azerbaijan Province in Iran (60 samples, including 30 sheep and 30 cattle) and Van Province in Turkey (30 samples, including 15 sheep and 15 cattle) were collected. DNA was extracted from the protoscolices or germinal layers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were utilized, targeting the partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase 1 (nad1) genes. PCR products were isolated from the electrophoresis gels and sequenced. The sequences were compared with each other, as well as with those related available sequences in the GenBank, using the BioEdit software and the BLAST algorithm. Finally, the phylogenetic trees were constructed by comparing sequences of cox1 and nad1 fragments, using the MEGA7 software and the maximum likelihood method. Results: All samples sequenced from Iran corresponded to the genotype G1 (100%). Among the samples from Turkey, 15 samples (78.9%) were identified as G1 while only one sample (5.3%) corresponded to the genotype G3 and 3 isolates (15.8%) were defined as genotypes G1/G3. Five distinct haplotypes were determined within the examined isolates from sheep and cattle in both countries and all isolates clustered in one group. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the intra-species genetic variations were 0.0-0.6% and 0.0-1.4% for cox1 and nad1, respectively. Conclusion: The dominant genotype of E. granulosus sensu stricto of livestock in both countries was the G1 (sheep strain) genotype. Our findings indicate that the sheepdog cycle is the leading cycle of E. granulosus in these two areas. Hence, adopting regional common policies and bilateral cooperation helps to control the disease in livestock as well as in human in these two regions. Further study is required to compare the genetic diversity of human isolates of E. granulosus in these two countries.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Based on molecular studies and DNA sequencing, E. granulosus has been classified into 10 different genotypes (G1 to G10). Two neighboring countries, Turkey and Iran, are considered the two main foci of CE in the Middle East. The current study is aimed at examining the genotype diversity of E. granulosus isolated from human clinical samples in Turkey and Iran. Surgically removed human hydatid cysts were collected from East Azerbaijan and Fars provinces in Iran and Van province in Turkey. After extracting DNA, performing PCR, targeting the cox1 gene, the PCR products were purified from the gel and were sequenced from both directions. The sequences were aligned and compared, using BioEdit and also the BLAST program of GenBank. The maximum likelihood tree was constructed based on the Tamura-Nei model, using the MEGAX software. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the human isolated samples were classified into two major clades: G1 (from Iran and Turkey) and G3 (5 samples from northwestern Iran and one sample from Turkey). The mean and degree of genetic divergence (K2P) between the two major clades, G1 and G3, were 0.2% and 0.7±0.4%, respectively. The findings of the current study revealed that the sheep strain (G1) and the less important strain G3 have major roles in the transmission cycle of CE in two neighboring countries, Iran and Turkey. Therefore, it is necessary to interpose the life cycle of this parasite and reduce the disease burden in livestock and humans by adopting common regional preventive and control policies.

No abstract

ÖZETAmaç: Bu çalışma, 2009 yılında Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi Parazitoloji Laboratuarına başvuran kişilerde intestinal parazitlerin yayılışını ortaya koymak amacıyla yapıldı. Yöntemler: Çalışmaya toplam 6267 kişi (3037'si kadın, 3230'u erkek; 3798'i 13 ve altındaki yaş grubu, 2469'u 14 ve üzeri yaş grubu) dahil edildi. Dışkı örnekleri hastanenin Parazitoloji Laboratuarında nativ-Lugol, flotasyon ve sedimantasyon yöntemleri ile incelendi. Şüpheli dışkılara trichrome ve modifiye asit-fast boyama yöntemleri de uygulandı. Bulgular: Dışkı örnekleri incelenen 6267 kişinin %28.5'inde bir ya da birden fazla sayıda parazit türüne rastlandı. Kadınların %28'inde, erkeklerin ise %29'unda parazitoz saptandı. Hastalarda belirlenen parazitlerin dağılımı şöyledir: Blastocystis hominis %15.4, Giardia intestinalis %6.6, Entamoeba coli %4. Parazitol Derg 2012; 36: 105-8)

Cochliomyia hominivorax, Wohlfahrtia magnifica, Musca domestica, Musca nebulo, Chrysomya bezziana, Oestrus ovis, Hypoderma bovis, Hypoderma tarandi, Gasterophilus intestinalis, and Calliphora vicina are reported in oral myasis cases in the world (4). Oral myiasis cases are caused by W. magnifica, H. bovis, Sarcophaga spp. and Calliphora spp. have been reported in Turkey (2,3,5-7). Oral myiasis has been related to bad oral hygiene, anterior open bite, which is an orthodontic disorder, neurological deficit or psychiatric disorders and alcoholism (8,9). Pain and swelling of the mouth, the teeth, the lips, or the palates and a sensation of movement are some of the reported symptoms related to oral myiasis (4).

is involved in the immune reaction of Helix lucorum to parasitic infestation by dicrocoeliid trematode. Ann Agric Environ Med.

ÖZAmaç: Bu çalışma, kistik ekinokokkozisin (KE) Türkiye'deki yayılışına ait verilere katkıda bulunmak ve Van yöresinde bu parazitoz sorununu ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntemler: Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesinin çeşitli polikliniklerinden KE şüphesi ile 01.09.2005-01.09.2013 tarihleri arasında Parazitoloji Laboratuvarına gönderilen toplam 2642 hastaya ait (1214'ü erkek, 1428'i kadın; 506'sı 0-13, 2136'sı 14 ve üzeri yaş grubu) kan örneği ELISA (R-Biopharm, Almanya; IgG) yöntemi kullanılarak KE yönünden değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Kan örnekleri incelenen bu hastaların 801'i (%30,3) bu parazitoz yönünden pozitif bulunmuştur. Çalışmada erkeklerin %31,9'unda, kadınların %29'unda; 0-13 yaş grubunun %33,4'ünde, 14 ve üzeri yaş grubunun %29,6'sında seropozitiflik saptanmıştır. Seropozitif bulunan hastaların opere edilmesi sonucu elde edilen kistlerin uniloküler kist olduğu patolojik olarak teyit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak KE'in Van yöresinde önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olmaya devam ettiği görülmüş ve bu hastalıkla mücadele kapsamın-da geniş çaplı korunma ve kontrol programları uygulanması gerektiği anlaşılmıştır. (Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2015; 39: 209-11)