An Oral Myiasis Case Caused by Diptera (Calliphoridae) Larvae in Turkey

Abstract

Cochliomyia hominivorax, Wohlfahrtia magnifica, Musca domestica, Musca nebulo, Chrysomya bezziana, Oestrus ovis, Hypoderma bovis, Hypoderma tarandi, Gasterophilus intestinalis, and Calliphora vicina are reported in oral myasis cases in the world (4). Oral myiasis cases are caused by W. magnifica, H. bovis, Sarcophaga spp. and Calliphora spp. have been reported in Turkey (2,3,5-7). Oral myiasis has been related to bad oral hygiene, anterior open bite, which is an orthodontic disorder, neurological deficit or psychiatric disorders and alcoholism (8,9). Pain and swelling of the mouth, the teeth, the lips, or the palates and a sensation of movement are some of the reported symptoms related to oral myiasis (4).

Oral myiasis: Analysis of cases reported in the English literature from 1990 to 2020

“…Efforts were made to contact the authors of three studies; however, their articles could not be retrieved 17–19 . A total of 122 articles reporting 157 cases of oral myiasis were selected 2,5–14,16,20–129 …”

“…The articles were from India, 7,9,11,13,21,23,24,29,30,32–35,38, 41,45,50–52,65,66,68,70,71,73–76,82,87,91,93,99,100,105–110,113,116–118,120–122, 126,127,129 Brazil, 2,8,10,12,14,16,20,22,31,36,43,44,47–49,57–60,69,77–79,81, 84,85,90,92,95,101,102,104,112,115,123,125 Turkey, 6,28,37,42,54,61,62,124,128 Iran, 26,63,80,103,111 China, 39,40,88,96,119 Malaysia, 64,98 Colombia, 53 Israel, 5 Oman, 25 Yemen, 27 Czech Republic, 46 The Netherlands, 55 Italy, 97 USA, 56 UK, 86,89 Spain, 94 South Korea, 67 Pakistan, 72 Bangladesh, 114 and Mexico 83 (Figure 1).…”

“…The main associated factors presented by the individuals were poor hygiene (18.9%), 2,6,7,9,11–14,21,27,29,30,32,33,37,39,43, 47,49,51,52,54,57,62,66,68,73–77,81,83–85,91,96–101,104–106,109–111,114,116,120, 125–127,129 neurological disabilities (18.9%), 6,7,9,12,16,22,23,25–27, 29,30,32,34,39,40,43,45,48,50,52,53,57–59,64–66,70,73,74,78,80,85,87,90,93,95,96, 100–102,104–114,118,119,121,123,125,128,129 residence in rural or subtropical areas (8.2%), 7,24,27,32,35,36,41,47,49,52,55,56,58,62,63,65,72,74, 78,81,85,86,88,89,90,91,95,97,99,103,127,129 absence of lip sealing and/or mouth breathing (8.1%), 11,27,33,47,52,57,65,68,74,76,84–86, …”

“…Fifty (51.6%) studies 5,10,13,23,25,28,33,36,37,40,47–49,52,53,56,57,59,60, 62,65,67,73,77,81,83,87,89,100,101,108,109,111,113,114,125,126,127,129 revealed that the individual had no sequelae. Of the studies reporting sequelae in the affected individuals, the main ones were: evolution to death in the presence of other underlying diseases (21.6%), 6,13,14,22,26,31,39,41,42,79,85,88,95,102,115,123,128 tooth loss (8.2%), 11,50,64,68,70,75,106 bone defects (5.1%), 2 unsatisfactory and unsightly healing (4.1%), 20,78,86,96 maxillectomy (2.0%), 82,99 hearing loss (2.0%), 2 blindness (2.0%), 2 oroantral communication (1.0%), 2 irreversible injury to the salivary gland (1.0%), 2 and paresthesia (1.0%) 8 . In 66 reports, no information was available about sequelae.…”

“…Although the term myiasis was coined in 1840, this condition has been known since ancient times. Since the beginning of the 20th century, myiasis has been massively documented in humans 4 ; however, involvement of the oral cavity is uncommon 5–8 …”