Purpose To analyze the results of three-year outcomes of combined epithelium-on cross-linking with femtosecond laser ICRS (cross-linking PLUS) for keratoconus management. Design A retrospective multicenter clinical study. Methods 43 eyes of 38 patients were subjected to preoperative and postoperative UCVA, BCVA, refraction, Pentacam pachymetry, and keratometry examinations at 3-, 6-, 12-, 24-, and 36-month follow-up period. Results The preoperative and postoperative mean UCVA was 1.30 ± 0.48 (logMAR ± SD) and 0.82 ± 0.22 respectively. The preoperative and postoperative mean BCVA was 0.90 ± 0.40 and 0.60 ± 0.30, respectively. The preoperative and postoperative mean K average was 50.63 ± 0.87 (D ± SD) and 45.56 ± 0.98, respectively. The preoperative and postoperative mean pachymetry was 471 ± 92.36 (μm ± SD) and 423 ± 39.58, respectively. The preoperative and postoperative mean astigmatism was 7.55 ± 1.75 and 3.39 ± 1.26, respectively. One eye showed ICRS edge exposure while 6 eyes showed progression of keratoconus. Conclusion CXL PLUS was proved to be a successful procedure to halt progression (mainly by CXL) and to correct the refractive status of the keratoconic eye (mainly by ICRS). CXL PLUS performed a synergistic action correcting and maintaining the correction of both myopic and astigmatic components of keratoconus.

In this uveitis patient population from Egypt, panuveitis was the most commonly encountered anatomic diagnosis. Behçet disease was the most common identified cause of uveitis followed by VKH disease. Herpes-related uveitides and parasitic granulomas represented the most evident causes of infectious uveitis.

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Acanthamoeba is a ubiquitous free-living amoeba and is responsible for an uncommon yet increasingly diagnosed keratitis in humans. Acanthamoeba keratitis is perhaps the most challenging ocular infection to manage successfully and it can result in permanently impaired vision or blindness. Although contact lens use is the principal risk factor, about 10% of cases occur following trauma and exposure to contaminated soil or water. Cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis involving contact lens wearers have previously been reported in Malaysia but this is the first time, a non-contact lens related Acanthamoeba keratitis is reported. The case involved a 28 year old Indonesian male construction worker who had a trauma of the right eye. While working his eye was struck by some sand and dust particles and he quickly washed his eye with water from an open tank at the construction site. He then experienced pain, redness, glaring and blurring of vision of the right eye. The diagnosis was missed at the initial presentation but subsequent culture of the corneal scraping demonstrated Acanthamoeba as the aetiological agent. The history, clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment of non-contact lens related Acanthamoeba keratitis are briefly discussed in this communication. We hope to create awareness especially among the medical and paramedical staff about the existence of this infection in the country and fully support the consideration of Acanthamoeba keratitis as part of the differential diagnosis of most cases of presumed microbial keratitis.

Purpose: To evaluate the relative frequencies, clinical profile, and treatment outcomes of Pediatric orbital tumours in Upper Egypt. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective, non-comparative, case series study, the authors reviewed the medical records of all children evaluated at Sohag University Hospital, from September 2014 till August 2017, with the diagnosis of orbital tumours and tumour-like lesions. The final diagnosis in each case was established by a combination of history, ophthalmic examination findings, imaging studies, and histopathologic examination if biopsy was performed. Results: A total of 92 orbital lesions were included in this study, which were classified into the following major categories: Cystic (28 cases, 30.4%), vascular (13 cases, 14.1%), Lipomatous (10 cases, 10.9%), inflammatory (9 cases, 9.8%), neurogenic (7 cases, 7.6%), lymphoid/leukemic (6 cases, 6.5%), myogenic (5 cases, 5.4%), lacrimal gland (5 cases, 5.4%), secondary (4 cases, 4.3%), metastatic (3 cases, 3.3%), and histiocytic (2 cases, 2.2%) orbital lesions in order of frequency. The clinical features and treatment outcomes of these lesions will be discussed. Conclusion: A variety of benign and malignant Pediatric orbital tumours may be seen in clinical practice. Management of these tumours requires a multidisciplinary approach. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment provide good cosmetic and functional results, and prevent visual loss in the majority of those children.

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As we are going through advancements in construction field and the imperatives of reliability requirements of the structure, soil always have an important role as a material that supports the whole structures, the Soil structure interaction is one of the most vital arts, nowadays and with the new technologies of soil testing and as we get closer for a better understanding of soil behaviour, we have the chance to model and anticipate the real behaviour of the structures resting on the soil. In this study, the effect of soil as a supporting material will be revealed and carefully studied to clarify and dye out the importance of Soil structure Interaction, and its effect on the governing efforts that are used in design of the structural elements. Soil structure interaction it is not just about the coupling of the soil and the structure, but also studying the effect of construction phase change between the adjacent buildings. The elastic settlements are going to be calculated using analytical solution, Boussinesq iterative solution, and elastic solution of Abaqus finite element model, then will be coupled as springs that model soil elastic half space (EHS) to check the impact of SSI.