The introduction of electric mobility solutions mitigates transportion-related greenhouse gas emissions. Transit buses are considered a promising candidate for electrification. This study contributes to the growing literature on battery-electric buses (BEBs) and aims to quantify the optimal allocation of BEB infrastructure and charging schedules. A generic model for the charging capacity and scheduling of the BEB network is developed. The proposed model proposes an algorithm for the calculation of trip-level BEB energy consumption based on a surrogate model-based space mapping algorithm. Instead of using vehicle simulators or constant values for the energy consumption rate for each trip, the input space mapping has been applied to a simple coarse model to build an accurate surrogate model. The proposed algorithm is tested on the bus transit network in Belleville City in Canada considering BEBs using both Flash and Opportunity charging. The results show the efficiency of the proposed model and highlight the impact on the optimization results of calculating the trip-level energy consumption compared with the traditional methods.
In this paper, a new algorithm for tackling nonlinear constrained multi-objective optimization problems is introduced. This algorithm, which we call relaxed the interactive sequential hybrid optimization technique (relaxed I-SHOT), is based on a hybrid method between the I-SHOT method and step method (STEM) to transform a multi-objective problem into a single-objective one. An active set strategy is used together with a suggested penalty method to transform a single-objective constrained optimization problem into unconstrained one. A trust-region globalization strategy is added to the algorithm to solve the obtained unconstrained problem to ensure global convergence. The suggested approach is utilized to solve the multi-objective economic emission load dispatch (EELD) problems to assert the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm is tested on the standard IEEE 30-bus 6-generator test system. The results of the proposed approach are compared against those reported in the literature. The comparison asserts the potential of the proposed algorithm to solve the EELD problem.
Objective
To determine the optimal haemostatic method during laparoscopic salpingectomy.
Design
Observational study.
Setting
The Royal Free Hospital, London and Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt.
Subjects
72 patients undergoing laparoscopic salpingectomy for various indications.
Design
The patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups in which bipolar electrosurgery or pre‐tied sutures were used as the primary method of haemostasis. The two groups were compared with regard to several intraoperative and postoperative variables.
Results
The times required for securing and cutting the fallopian tube and for completing the procedures were shorter in the bipolar electrosurgery group than in the suture group, but the differences were not statistically significant. There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to any of the intraoperative or postoperative follow‐up variables.
Conclusion
Bipolar electrosurgery and suturing are equally effective for laparoscopic salpingectomy. Although many prefer to use bipolar electrosurgery for this procedure, the choice between different modalities will still depend upon the surgeon's preference and the circumstances obtaining during the procedure.
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