Copper oxide nanostructures have
been explored in the literature for their great promise in the areas
of energy storage and catalysis, which can be controlled based on
their shape. Herein we describe the synthesis of complex branched
nanocages of copper hydroxide with an alternating stacked morphology.
The size of the nanocages’ core and the length of the branches
can be controlled by the temperature and ratio of surfactant used,
varying the length from 85 to 232 nm long, and varying the core size
from 240 to 19 nm. The nanostructures’ unique morphology forms
by controlling the growth of an initial spherical seed, and the crystallization
of the anisotropic arms. The Cu(OH)2 nanostructures can
be converted to polycrystalline CuO branched nanocages and Cu2O nanoframes. We show that the branched nanocage morphology
of CuO has markedly superior catalytic properties to previous reports
with CuO nanomaterials, resulting in a rapid and efficient catalyst
for C–S coupling.
Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) share the common risk factors of perinatal inflammation and oxidative stress exposure. Moreover, both diseases have a genetic background. Aim of work: is to explore the ROP prevalence and severity among preterm infants diagnosed with BPD and to identify and examine the shared risk factors. Patients and methods:This was a retrospective case-control study consisting of 44 preterm infants with BPD and 62 gestational age-matched controls. Infants' birth and postnatal medical records were revised. Results:BPD and ROP corresponded with the duration of administration of CPAP, oxygen blender, head box, incubator oxygen, mechanical ventilation, duration of admission, oxygenation, caffeine citrate, TPN, administration and duration of inhaled steroids, inotropic support, surfactant administration, PDA, ICH, PRBCs and plasma transfusion, LOS and infectious episodes. Severe cases of ROP occurred in BPD cases, and this connection extended to varying grades in both diseases. The use of inotropic support was the most predisposing factor to BPD. By contrast, utilizing mechanical ventilation was the most predisposing factor to ROP. Conclusions: BPD and ROP share common risk factors, and there is a connection between them in regard to the varying grades of severity. Though, hemodynamic instability, longer inotropic support, hemodynamically significant PDA, prolonged mechanical ventilation act as cofactors.
Purpose: The aim is to describe tools and techniques that can be used to deal with total retinal detachment (open funnel) and associated proliferative vitreoretinopathy due to a 360-degree giant retinal break following ocular trauma. Setting/Venue: The video (available at www. karger.com/doi/10.1159/000444811) was created at the Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. Methods: A 16-year-old female patient presented to the Cairo University Hospital after blunt ocular trauma. She had traumatic cataract, and ultrasound examination showed total retinal detachment. She was scheduled for surgery at the Cairo University Hospital. Phacoemulsification of traumatic cataract was done after insertion of the 3-port 23-gauge trocar system. The 25-gauge chandelier illumination system was used to assist the peeling of adherent posterior hyaloid and epiretinal membranes, allowing bimanual work using an end-gripping forceps and a diamond-dusted retinal scrapper. Removal of the vitreous surrounding the retinal funnel was performed, and a small perfluorocarbon (PFC) bubble was used to support the posterior pole. This was followed by refreshing the rolled edges of the retinal break and shaving the vitreous base and anterior leaflet of the giant break by surgeon-assisted scleral indentation. The eye was completely filled with PFC, and Argon laser retinopexy was performed. Direct PFC-silicone oil exchange was done to avoid retinal slippage (silicone oil 5,000 cSt was used). Results: Retinal attachment was successfully achieved at the end of the surgery. The silicone oil was removed 5 months after the initial surgery. The patient's uncorrected visual acuity 1 month after removal of the silicone was 0.4. Conclusions: The chandelier-assisted bimanual technique is an effective method for dealing with adherent posterior hyaloid and epiretinal membranes in a detached retina, particularly in cases of complex open-funnel retinal detachment. Proper shaving of the anterior leaflet and refreshing the edges of the retinal break helps decrease postoperative PVR formation. Direct PFC-silicone oil exchange in giant retinal breaks helps minimize the risk of retinal slippage occurrence.
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