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In the present study, screen-printed electrodes unmodified and chemically modified with gold nanoparticles were used as sensitive electrochemical sensors for the determination of trazodone hydrochloride. The sensors were based on the use of a tetraphenylborate ion association complex as an electroactive material in screen-printed electrodes with dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as a solvent mediator modified with gold nanoparticles which improve the electrode conductivity and enhance the surface area. The sensors displayed a stable response for 5, 6 and 7 months with a reproducible potential and linear response over the concentration range 1 Â 10 , 7.6 Â 10 À6 and 6.8 Â 10 À6 mol L À1 for sensor 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The analytical performance of the screen printed electrodes in terms of selectivity coefficients for trazodone hydrochloride relative to the number of potentially interfering substances was investigated. The proposed method has been applied successfully for the analysis of the drug in its pure and dosage forms and there is no interference from any common pharmaceutical additives.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop simple UV spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of pravastatin sodium and pioglitazone hydrochloride without previous separation. Methods. The first method is the first derivative, where the peak amplitudes of first derivative of absorption spectra were measured at 249.7 and 277 nm for pravastatin sodium and pioglitazone hydrochloride respectively. The second method is the first derivative of the ratio spectra, where the peak amplitudes were measured at 249.6 and 276.6 nm for pravastatin sodium and pioglitazone hydrochloride respectively. Results. The proposed methods were validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and successfully applied for simultaneous determination of both drugs in their combined dosage form. Conclusion. The proposed methods are simple, rapid, economic, accurate and precise to simultaneously determine pravastatin and pioglitazone in pure form and in pharmaceutical dosage form without previous separation steps.

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