The study outcomes demonstrate that the use of PRF accelerate socket wound healing after tooth extraction as noticed by increased bone fill and reduced alveolar bone width resorption using clinical and radiographic methods.

JEL classification: G12 G14 Keywords:Price impact Block trades Saudi stock market Information asymmetry and liquidity a b s t r a c t This paper examines the price impact of block trades for all listed firms in the Saudi stock market (SSM) using high frequency data. We find an asymmetric price impact for block trades of 0.5% for block purchases and −0.38% for block sales. However, on average, the price effect of a block trade is small and short-lived suggesting that resiliency is high in the market. Moreover, we find a direct relationship between the size of the trades and the level of information asymmetry. The intraday pattern of price impacts is similar to patterns documented in other markets, namely an inverse J-shaped pattern. Finally, sophisticated traders can gain abnormal profits through "free riding" benefiting from overreaction before and price reversals after block trades.

SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics in King Khalid University Hospital population and evaluate the factors affecting this behavior.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study conducted at King Khalid university hospital from April to May 2016. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was handed to a random selection of 519 patients attending the primary care clinics . Data were entered into Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and sent to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were applied.RESULTS:The prevalence rate of self-medication with antibiotics was 40.8%. Older patients and males were most likely to use antibiotics without a prescription. The most common illnesses that made patients use antibiotics was upper respiratory tract infections (73.2%). Commercial pharmacies were the major source 82.8%. Only 27.8% patients consulted their physicians for the correct dosage . The previous experience with a similar illness (67.2%) and difficulty in obtaining medical help (29.3%) were the most common reasons for self-administration of antibiotics. Improved health condition (57.8%) was the main reason for stopping the use of antibiotics while lack of improvement in health status led to a shift to another antibiotic in 62.5% of the respondents.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of using antibiotics without a prescription is relatively high. Proper education of the public on the dangers of the misuse of antibiotics through the media might help to reduce this practice.

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Prevalence and morphological variations of maxillary sinus septa in different age groups: a CBCT analysis BACKGROUND: There are limited data from Saudi Arabia on the prevalence and characteristics of maxillary sinus septa. OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence and morphological characteristics of septa in the maxillary sinus and their relationship to gender and age using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). DESIGN: Cross-sectional SETTING: CBCT images acquired from the maxillofacial radiology department in a dental school. PATIENT AND METHODS: CBCT scans of 1010 maxillary sinuses from 505 patients were analyzed to determine the prevalence, location, type, and orientation of maxillary sinus septa. Descriptive statistics, chisquare tests and t tests were used to analyze the data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The prevalence, location, type, and orientation of maxillary sinus septa. SAMPLE SIZE: 1010 sinuses from 505 patients. RESULT: Approximately 46% of the studied patients had maxillary septa, which were present in 370 (37%) sinuses. About 64% of the septa were present on the right side and 85.7% of all septa were mediolaterally oriented. The mean height of the septa was 6.06 mm (0.84) in the right sinuses and 5.70 mm (0.93) in the left sinuses. Multiple septa were found in 101 patients (20%). Among males, 58.5% had septa compared to 34% of females (P<.001.) A significant positive association was found between age and the presence and number of septa, P<.001. CONCLUSIONS: Maxillary sinus septa were highly prevalent with various heights and directions among the studied sample. Careful assessment of different anatomic variation must be conducted prior to any maxillary sinus augmentation, particularly in older patients. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional evaluation of CBCT images from one dental school patient population; thus, the findings cannot be generalized to other populations. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

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