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Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Powerscope appliance in the treatment of skeletal Class II patients by three-dimensional image. Subjects and methods: This study was conducted on 14 orthodontic patients with a mean age of 15.39 ± 1.25 years old. The study included post-pubertal female patients with skeletal Class 2 of ANB angle greater than 4° due to the retruded mandible. Cone-beam computed tomography was made before (T1) and after (T2) installation of the Powerscope appliance. The images were imported into Invivo dental software version 5.2 for the measurements. The collected data were tabulated and statically analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Paired t-test was used to study the changes after treatment. The significance level was set at ≤ 0.05. Results: Results showed statistically significant changes regarding skeletal and dental parameters. Conclusions: (1) Powerscope appliance provides an effective tool for the treatment of skeletal Class II adolescent patients. (2) Effects of Powerscope appliance were mainly dental with lesser skeletal effects. (3) The skeletal changes were seen in the mandibular base with minimal maxillary skeletal effects.

Aim of the study: To evaluate morphometric changes in maxillary air sinus (MS) of three different Rapid maxillary expander (RME) {conventional, hybrid and maxillary skeletal expander (MSE)} using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) Material and Methods: A total sample of sixty CBCT of patients presented with constricted maxilla with an age ranged from 11–18 was distributed in to three groups. Group 1 conventional hyrax, group 2 hybrid hyrax and group 3 maxillary skeletal expander (MSE). The mean age was 14.20Y, 15.13Y, 15.40Y in group 1,2 and 3 respectively CBCT records were taken before and after six month of maxillary expansion; the maxillary sinus was segmented and quantified using Romexis software (version 5.3.4.39USA). Results: Comparison between pre and post values and between left and right was performed by paired t test. the post treatment value was significantly higher than the pre value in the right side, left side and in both sides together. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. Conclusions: RME may have a good effect on maxillary sinus by increasing it is volume (MSV).

Objective This randomized controlled trial investigated the efficiency of nickel–titanium (NiTi) and nickel-free archwires during the initial leveling and alignment stage. Materials and Methods A total of 30 patients (mean age, 17.81 ± 1.96 years) were randomly grouped to receive either single-strand or niobium–titanium–tantalum–zirconium (nickel-free Gummetal), or multistrand NiTi archwires. All the patients had moderate anterior crowding and were treated via a nonextraction approach. Three-dimensional digital models were taken at baseline (T0) and 4-week intervals for three months (T1, T2, and T3). The amount and percentage variations in Little's Irregularity Index (LII) scores during the 3-month observation period were used to estimate alignment efficiency and rate. Statistical Analysis The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskall–Wallis tests were used to test the differences between the three archwire groups. The difference between variables within each group at different measurement intervals was assessed using paired t-test. Results The LII scores were reduced in all the three archwire groups; however, there were insignificant differences in the scores between the tested archwire groups (p < 0.05). For the single-strand NiTi group, the LII scores reduced by 2.15 mm (28.38%) after 4 weeks (T1) by 3.79 mm (47.93%) after 8 weeks (T2), and by 5.61 mm (73.98%) after 12 weeks (T3). The LII scores decreased by 1.90 mm (26.93%) after 4 weeks, 3.59 mm (50.84%) after 8 weeks, and 5.28 mm (74.85%) after 12 weeks with Gummetal archwire. Similar to the other groups, the LII scores for multistrand archwire reduced by 1.82 (27.83%), 3.34 (51.07%), and 4.54 mm (69.38%) at T1, T2, and T3, respectively. There was nonsignificant differences in the alignment rates (mm) and percentage (%) of changes among the groups at all measurement intervals (p > 0.05). Conclusion All three tested archwires were equally effective for correcting moderate mandibular anterior crowding. Furthermore, all three archwires produced a comparable rate of alignment after 12 weeks of initiating orthodontic therapy.

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the rate of canine retraction between conventional labial retraction force versus palatal retraction force with labial appliance. Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized clinical study was conducted on a sample of 26 patients recommended for upper first premolar extraction as part of their orthodontic treatment plan. The patient ages ranged from (16-26) years. Patients were randomly divided into two groups; Group I: Thirteen patients, treated with Roth brackets 0.022-inch slot for labial orthodontic appliance with palatal retraction force. Group II: Thirteen patients, treated with Roth brackets 0.022-inch slot for labial orthodontic appliance with labial retraction force. Results: The canine retraction rate was measured clinically using dental vernier at monthly intervals. The distance measured was between maxillary canine cusp tip and maxillary first molar mesiobuccal cusp tip. Measurement was done till closure of the extraction space (when both canines touch the mesial surface of the upper second premolars). Conclusion: Both methods of retraction with labial or palatal force could be effective in canine retraction. There is no significant difference between both ways on the rate of canine retraction.

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