P35 The anti-inflammatory effect of silymarin in chondrocytes

Can, V.C.; Abouelnour, Ahmed; Locke, Ian C.; Bligh, S. W. Annie; Getting, Stephen J.

doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.036

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Redox properties of the compounds are generally responsible for antioxidant activity [6], which enable them to act as hydrogen-atom donors or reducing agents [7]. Silymarin is known to exhibit various medicinal properties including antiviral, anti-diabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antioxidant and immunomodulatory [2,8,9,10,11,12]. Additionally, silymarin extract has also been shown to be effective in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disorder (NAFLD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and β-thalassemia [13,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Effects of Light and Melatonin on Biosynthesis of Silymarin and Anti-Inflammatory Potential in Callus Cultures of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.

et al. 2019

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Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. is a well-known medicinal herb, primarily used in liver protection. Light strongly affects several physiological processes along with secondary metabolites biosynthesis in plants. Herein, S. marianum was exploited for in vitro potential under different light regimes in the presence of melatonin. The optimal callogenic response occurred in the combination of 1.0 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid and 0.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine under photoperiod. Continuous light associated with melatonin treatment increased total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant potential, followed by photoperiod and dark treatments. The increased level of melatonin has a synergistic effect on biomass accumulation under continuous light and photoperiod, while an adverse effect was observed under dark conditions. More detailed phytochemical analysis showed maximum total silymarin content (11.92 mg/g dry weight (DW)) when placed under continuous light + 1.0 mg/L melatonin. Individually, the level of silybins (A and B), silydianin, isolsilychristin and silychristin was found highest under continuous light. Anti-inflammatory activities were also studied and highest percent inhibition was recorded against 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) for cultures cultivated under continuous light (42.33%). The current study helps us to better understand the influence of melatonin and different light regimes on silymarin production as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in S. marianum callus extracts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Effects of Light and Melatonin on Biosynthesis of Silymarin and Anti-Inflammatory Potential in Callus Cultures of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.

et al. 2019

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“…Because dietary nutraceuticals and antioxidants are generally not sufficiently effective for protection against OA development, direct administration of bioactive compounds into the knee joint capsule is a promising option [ 21 , 22 ]. Pretreatment with SMN has been shown to alleviate TNF-α-stimulated inflammatory responses in chondrocytes, and SMN has also been used in combination with NASIDs to treat OA [ 10 ]. However, the therapeutic potential of SMN against catabolic cytokine stimulations is not fully elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a rat paw oedema model, SMN also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity [ 9 ]. In addition, SMN pretreatment before tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) exposure exerted chondroprotection through the modulation of interleukin 6 ( IL - 6 ), IL - 8 and MMP - 1 mRNA expression in human chondrocyte cells [ 10 ]. In a monoiodoacetate-induced rat OA model, SMN enhanced the anti-inflammatory activity of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) celecoxib [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silymarin modulates catabolic cytokine expression through Sirt1 and SOX9 in human articular chondrocytes

Chen

et al. 2021

J Orthop Surg Res

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Background Silymarin (SMN), a polyphenolic flavonoid, is involved in multiple bioactive functions including anti-inflammation. Pretreatment with SMN demonstrated chondroprotection against tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) stimulation in a chondrocyte cell line. However, pre- and posttreatment with phytochemicals have varying effects on osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes, and the therapeutic potential of SMN after catabolic cytokine stimulation is not fully elucidated. Methods The cytotoxicity of SMN (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μM) was evaluated in human primary chondrocytes. The chondrocytes were supplemented with SMN (25 and 50 μM) after interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) stimulation. The mRNA expression and protein production of catabolic/anabolic cytokines as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) components were evaluated. Results High-dose SMN (100 μM) impaired the mitochondrial activity in chondrocytes, and 50 μM SMN further caused cell death in IL-1β-stimulated cells. The addition of 25 μM SMN ameliorated cell senescence; downregulated the catabolic genes of inducible nitric oxide synthase, IL-1β, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), MMP-9 and MMP-13; upregulated the anabolic genes of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and collagen type II alpha 1; and restored the expression of chondrogenic phenotype genes SOX9 and sirtuin-1 (Sirt1). In addition, the production of IL-1β, MMP-3 and MMP-9 decreased with an increase in TIMP-1 secretion. However, the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 and protein production remained high. The addition of nicotinamide, a Sirt1 inhibitor, downregulated SOX9 and attenuated the therapeutic effects of SMN on IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. Conclusion SMN regulates the chondrocyte phenotype through Sirt1 and SOX9 to improve ECM homeostasis and may serve as a complementary therapy for early-stage knee OA.

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“…Both in vitro and in vivo experiments on living models have shown that silymarin plays a protective role against toxins in hepatic cells [5]. Silymarin exhibits numerous medicinal properties, including anti-arthritic, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-viral and immunomodulatory [6][7][8][9], and is beneficial in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), β-thalassemia and non-alcoholic liver fat disorder (NAFLD) [10][11][12]. Among the most desirable biological activities, its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are well [6,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan Elicitation Impacts Flavonolignan Biosynthesis in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn Cell Suspension and Enhances Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Cell Extracts

Shah¹,

Jan²,

Drouet³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn is a rich source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory flavonolignans with great potential for use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Its biotechnological production using in vitro culture system has been proposed. Chitosan is a well-known elicitor that strongly affects both secondary metabolites and biomass production by plants. The effect of chitosan on S. marianum cell suspension is not known yet. In the present study, suspension cultures of S marianum were exploited for their in vitro potency to produce bioactive flavonolignans in the presence of chitosan. Established cell suspension culture was maintained on the same hormonal media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and 1.0 mg/L NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid) under photoperiod 16/8 h (light/dark) and exposed to various treatments of chitosan (ranging from 0.5 to 50.0 mg/L). The highest biomass production was observed for cell suspension treated with 5.0 mg/L chitosan, resulting in 123.3 g/L fresh weight (FW) and 17.7 g/L dry weight (DW) productions. Chitosan treatment resulted in an overall increase in the accumulation of flavonoids, phenolic compounds and silymarin. High accumulation levels of silybin B, silydianin and silybin A were recorded by HPLC analysis. The corresponding extracts displayed interesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. In particular, high ABTS antioxidant activity (741.5 μM Trolox C equivalent antioxidant capacity) was recorded in extracts obtained in presence of 0.5 mg/L of chitosan. On the opposite, highest inhibitions of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2, 30.5 %), secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2, 33.9 %) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX-2, 31.6 %) enzymes involved in inflammation process were measured in extracts obtained in presence of 5.0 mg/L of chitosan. Taken together, these results highlight the high potential of the chitosan elicitation of the S. marianum cell suspension for enhanced production of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory silymarin-rich extracts.

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P35 The anti-inflammatory effect of silymarin in chondrocytes

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Interactive Effects of Light and Melatonin on Biosynthesis of Silymarin and Anti-Inflammatory Potential in Callus Cultures of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.

Interactive Effects of Light and Melatonin on Biosynthesis of Silymarin and Anti-Inflammatory Potential in Callus Cultures of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.

Silymarin modulates catabolic cytokine expression through Sirt1 and SOX9 in human articular chondrocytes

Chitosan Elicitation Impacts Flavonolignan Biosynthesis in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn Cell Suspension and Enhances Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Cell Extracts

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