Background: Heart failure is one of the major global health problems that we face today, worldwide. The main objective of our study is to evaluate the spectrum and prevalence of renal dysfunction among heart failure patients in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods: The design of the study is a retrospective descriptive study aimed at heart failure patients who presented to the largest tertiary care center in southern somalia between January 2021 to september 2021. Demographic data, co-morbidities, types of heart failure, causes of heart failure and the presence or absence of renal dysfunction were analysed. Results: Overall 180 heart failure patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the participants was 62.26±14 years. Regarding the age group, patients aged between 61-80 years was the most abundant participants with (n=87, 48.3%). Regarding the type of heart failure in our study, HFpEF was the most common type in our respondents with frequency of (n=85, 47.2%). When analysed the cause of heart failure among patients; hypertension was the most common cause of heart failure (n=90, 50%). Also, hypertension was the most common co-morbidity among our patients (n=106, 59%), followed by coronary artery diseases (n=50, 28%). The prevalence of renal dysfunction in heart failure patients was (n=37, 20.6%). Our analysis showed that among the 37 renal dysfunction patients, 12.3% of them (n=22) were chronic renal failure while the remaining 8.3% (n=15) had acute renal failure. We found a significant correlation between gender and renal dysfunction in heart failure patients with (95% CI: 0.098-0.574, OR: 0.237, p value: <0.001). Males were 2 and half times more likely to develop renal failure than females. Conclusion: we found that the prevalence of renal dysfunction in heart failure patients is 20.6%. It was more prevalent in males and elderly population.

Abstract Objective: Diagnostic investigations using radiation have become a critical feature of medical practice in recent times, and the possibility of doctors’ underestimation of over-exposure risks to patients from diagnostic radiation is a matter of concern. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate medical doctors’ awareness of radiation exposure in selected diagnostic radiology centers in Mogadishu. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of the awareness of doctors about radiation exposure in diagnostic radiology investigations in Somalia. Online questionnaires were distributed to 200 medical doctors working in 3 state and 7 private hospitals in Mogadishu. The study was conducted online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our data analysis was descriptive with a quantitative method, with univariate level analysis only for all variables. Results: Of the 200 participants, 62% had no formal training on radiation exposure. 86% of our respondents had no idea of the quantity of radiation. Whereas only 10.5% of our respondents correctly estimated the quantity of radiation. Conclusion: As a result of the high rate of poor awareness of radiation risks observed in the study, it is important that the Somali Ministry of Health and state-level health ministries must guarantee and implement appropriate radiological examination guidelines and national radiation policies and apply it to all levels of healthcare services.

Extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma of the lungs is a rare soft tissue tumor of children and adolescents usually found in the extremities. In this case report, we present a 4-year-old male child with primary Ewing Sarcoma of the lungs who presented with shortness of breath, cough, left-side chest pain, and hemoptysis for two months. We reviewed clinical, radiological, and pathological findings for this rare malignancy.