Patients and Methods: This retrospective and descriptive study included the review of a total of 5238 pathology reports obtained from the medical records of the Somalia Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan Education and Research Hospital. Patient characteristics, lesion localization, and histopathology were recorded. Patients with an unconfirmed cancer diagnosis, borderline tumors, intraepithelial neoplasms and metastatic cancers were excluded from the study. The cases were classified according to gender, age, and organ involvement. Results: Of the 1306 patients included in the study, 50.9% (n=666) were female and 49.1% (n=640) were male, and the mean age was 51.1±19.4 years. Of the cases, 5.1% (n=67) were pediatric (0-17 years) and 35.8% (n=468) were in the 18-50 years range. The most common cancer was esophageal cancer (EC) for the overall data (n=284; 21.7%) and in both genders. EC peaked in the fifth decade, and the most common histological type was squamous cell carcinoma (n=256; 91.1%). Liver cancer was the second most common cancer overall (n=99; 7.6%) and in men (n=67; 10.5%). Cervical cancer was the second most common cancer among women (n=88; 13.3%) and ranked fourth in terms of overall incidence (n=88; 6.7%). Breast cancer was the third most common overall (n=95; 7.3%) and in women (n= 7; 13.1%). Conclusion: This study shows that in Somalia, EC is the most common cancer in both genders. These high rates in Somalia suggest that environmental factors and dietary habits may have an effect. To reduce the incidence of EC and prevent its development, the population of Somalia should be educated and effective planning should be undertaken.

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Introduction Thyroid disease is an independent predictor of heart failure in patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among patients with heart failure in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods From January 2019 to January 2021, a total of 250 patients diagnosed with heart failure admitted to the cardiology outpatient and emergency departments were evaluated retrospectively. The demographic characteristics, the cause of heart failure, and the kind of heart failure were recorded. Patients were categorized into subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism, low T3 syndrome, subclinical hyperthyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. Results A total of 250 heart failure patients. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among heart failure patients was 35.6%. The mean age of the patients was 59.8±14 years. Males outnumbered females by 159 (63.2%). The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 35.6%. Out of the 250 patients that were examined, most of the patients 30(33.3%) had subclinical hypothyroidism. 23 (25.6%) had overt hypothyroidism, 15 (16.7%) had overt hyperthyroidism, 20 (22.2%) had low T3 syndrome, and two cases had subclinical hyperthyroidism. Regarding the gender status of the thyroid dysfunction, 43(48.3%) were male, and 46(51.7%) were female. Regarding heart failure types among thyroid dysfunction patients, most patients were HFrEF (n=64, 71.9%), and 25(28.1%) were HFpEF. Patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were more likely to have thyroid dysfunction than those with preserved ejection fraction (p = 0.012). Regarding comorbidities among heart failure patients with thyroid dysfunction, approximately half of the patients had hypertension (40.4%). Conclusion Thyroid problems are one of the most prevalent endocrine abnormalities in our practice. Subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common type of thyroid dysfunction among this population. We suggest that thyroid function be evaluated with cardiac function in patients with heart failure and followed up and treated together with heart failure.

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Mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is a benign and unilateral ovarian neoplasm usually seen in premenopausal women. Its most common complication, torsion, is a well-known cause of acute abdominal pain. However, it is rare in the early postpartum period. In this paper, we present a case of ovarian torsion due to MCT, which was diagnosed radiologically in the early postnatal period and surgically confirmed. A 25-year-old woman vaginally delivered a healthy baby on time and without any problems. She presented with acute abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant on the postpartum 5th day. Abdominal ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) demonstrated an ovarian mass containing fat and calcification in the right adnexa and non-enhancing ovarian parenchyma. The patient was discharged on the 5th day after the salpingo-oophorectomy operation without any complications. US and CT provided crucial information to make an accurate and rapid management decision in ovarian torsion due to MCT.

Dentigerous kistler bir odontojenik kist türü olup en sık üçüncü molar diş ile ilişkili olarak gelişir. Dentigerous kistler sıklıkla asemptomatiktir ancak bazen enfeksiyon, sinüzit veya kemikte ekspansiyon gibi komplikasyonlara neden olabilir. 22 yaşında siyahi erkek hasta, bir haftadır giderek artan sol taraflı yüz şişliği, sol yanak ağrısı ve burun tıkanıklığı şikayeti ile hastanemize başvurdu. Hastanın fizik muayenesinde yüzünün sol tarafında şişlik ve palpasyonla maksiller bölgede hassasiyet mevcuttu. Oral muayenesinde sol maksillar 3. molar dişin yeri boştu. Hastaya paranazal sinüs BT çekildi. BT'de sol maksiller sinüs antrumunu dolduran 26x41 mm boyutlarında alveoler proces defekti ile ilişkili kistik lezyon izlendi. Kistin çevresinde ince kalsifiye bir duvar ve içinde anterior duvarda 3. molar diş mevcuttu. Kistin maksiller sinüsün lateral duvarını erode ettiği ve komşu yumuşak doku planları arasına yayıldığı görüldü. Hasta Caldwell-Luc prosedürü ile opere edildi. Ektopik diş çıkarıldı ve tüm kist içeriği boşaltıldı. Hastanın kontrolde şikayetlerinin geçtiği görüldü.

Neurologic disorders are common reasons for emergency consultations. The majority of neurologic disease manifestations in the emergency room (ER) are life-threatening and require urgent treatment. The goal of this study is to investigate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of different neurological disorders among emergency department admissions in Mogadishu.This is a cross sectional study conducted in the emergency department of Mogadishu Somali Turkish Training and Research Hospital from July 2021 to February 2022. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adult patients with neurologic manifestations in the emergency room were evaluated. Age, gender, distribution of neurological disease manifestations, neurological examination findings, and neurological diagnoses made by consultant neurologists were assessed. During the study period, 321 patients out of 8,500 were included in the study accounting for 3.7 percent of all emergency admissions. The majority of the patients in the study were 50 years of age or older (59%). The male subjects accounted for 56% of the total, while females accounted for 44%. Hypertension was the most common co-morbidity among subjects (38%), followed by diabetes mellitus and heart disease. The admission rate was high (78.2%) after neurological evaluation. The most common reason for a neurology consultation (43.9%) was altered mental status, followed by motor deficits and seizures. Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes were the most common diagnoses after neurological evaluation (38.9% and 20.2%, respectively). Among subjects evaluated due to altered mental status, stroke was the most common diagnosis, followed by encephalopathy and status epilepticus. Patients with neurological manifestations in the ER require a multidisciplinary approach. This study illustrates the pattern of neurological emergencies in Somalia’s largest referral hospital and also highlights the significance of neurological assessment by a neurologist in the ER. In our study, hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes were the most prevalent neurologic presentations in the ER, particularly among the elderly.