This research studied the characteristics of Palm Fatty Acids Distillates (PFADs) from several palm oil refineries. It was aimed to know the potency of PFAD as bioactive compounds source, including vitamin E (mainly tocotrienols), phytosterols, squalene and possibly co-enzyme Q10 and polycosanol. Sampling was conducted at 6 palm oil refineries. The results showed that PFAD was dominated by free fatty acids of 85-95% with low oxidation level indicated by peroxide value of 1-10 meq/kg and anisidin value of 6-31. Bioactive compounds found were vitamin E 60-200 ppm, phytosterols 400-7500 ppm and squalene 400-2800 ppm, meanwhile polycosanol and coenzyme Q10 were not found. Vitamin E was dominated by tocotrienols and γ tocotrienol was the major vitamin E, followed by α and δ tocotrienols. Phytosterols in PFADs from several palm oil refineries had variety in quantity and composition. Generally it was dominated by β sitosterol, followed by stigmasterol and campesterol

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In the present study, the effect of two independent variables, yellow konjac flour-κ-carrageenan (KFC) mixed gels and red koji rice (RKR) extracts for the development of restructured meat product, was investigated using central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM). The assessed physical characteristics were hardness, water holding capacity (WHC), and color (°) of the restructured meat products. The second order regression models with high R value were significantly fitted to predict the changes in hardness, WHC and color. The results showed that the predicted optimum formula of restructured meat were the addition of KFC mixed gels at 10.21% and RKR extracts at 6.11%. The experiments results validate these optimum formula and found to be not statistically different at 5% level. Thus, the RSM was successfully employed and can be used to optimize the formulation of restructured meat.

We aimed to evaluate the dextrose equivalent (DE) and the dynamic rheological parameters of dextrin obtained by hydrolysis of edible canna starch by using α-amylase enzyme. We found that the DE value and dynamic rheological properties, as presented by storage and loss modulus (Gʹ and G″) values, varied with the incubation time (1, 3, and 5 h) and α-amylase concentration (0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, and 0.06% w/w). Increase in the incubation time and α-amylase concentration increased the DE from 9.0 ±0.2 to 21.3 ± 1.9 and decreased the storage modulus (G′) from 3747.4 Pa to 18.0 Pa and the loss modulus (G″) from 659.4 Pa to 5.5 Pa at 25°C. In contract, G′ decreased from 27781.0 Pa to 11313.1 Pa and G″ decreased from 6647.2 Pa to 1826.4 Pa at 95°C.

The rheological properties of fluid and semisolid foodstuffs is important in the design of flow processes in the quality control, storage stability, and in understanding and designing texture of the product. The viscosity of tomato ketchup is one of the major quality components for consumer acceptance. The tomato ketchup is a semisolid material, which obtain its viscosity from naturally occurring pectic substances in fruits. Enzymatic degradation, pectic/protein interaction, pulp content, and homogenization process may affect the consistency of tomato product. These inconsistencies may be diminished by the addition of hydrocolloids. In this study, the flow properties of tomato ketchup were evaluated upon addition of different concentrations of porang flour (0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75%) and in various temperatures (25, 35, 45 and 55 °C). The flow behaviour was characterized by fitting the experimental data of each formulations to the power-law and Herschel-Bulkley model. The Arrhenius equation was used to describe the effects of temperature on the apparent viscosity of the tomato ketchup formulations. The temperature dependency was assessed to evaluate the stabilizing effect of different concentrations of porang flour on tomato ketchup. Increasing porang flour concentration in tomato ketchup resulted in a decline of the activation energy.

A bioinspired signal amplification approach is reported for mercury ion detection: a proof-of-concept.

Cookies dapat diformulasikan dari bahan baku lokal, misalnya tepung sorgum. Cookies sorgum berwarna gelap dan bertekstur keras sehingga perlu ditambahkan pati jagung untuk meningkatkan kecerahan dan kerenyahan. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh proporsi tepung sorgum : pati jagung dan proporsi margarin : whey terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia cookies. Penelitian dirancang dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial. Faktor I proporsi tepung sorgum : pati jagung (70:30; 50:50; 30:70) dan Faktor II proporsi margarin : whey (80:0; 70:10; 60:20 dalam satuan g). Analisis data menggunakan Anova (α=0.05), BNT, DMRT, dan Derringer’s Desirability Function. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan proporsi tepung sorgum menyebabkan peningkatan kadar air, ALB, kemerahan, daya patah, dan kekerasan tetapi menyebabkan penurunan kecerahan, kekuningan, dan penyusutan berat. Cookies perlakuan terbaik adalah tepung sorgum 50% dan whey 10g, dengan kecerahan 57.1, kemerahan 7.0, kekuningan 21.57, susut berat 18.0%, daya patah 8.4N, kekerasan 6.7N, kadar air 2.7%, dan ALB 0.2%.

The novel SARS-CoV-2 that causing global pandemic COVID-19 known to enter the host cell using the hACE2 as cell receptor. SARS-CoV S1 protein cleaves the ACE2 receptor, then the S2 subunits facilitates the cell membrane fusion, the inhibition of S1-ACE2 interaction can help develop anti SARS-CoV-2 medication. Porang glucomannan is a polysaccharide known as immunomodulator but never reported as anti-virus by direct inhibition of viral entry. Glucohealth was developed to investigate its potential. Method: Glucohealth is a glucomannan hydrolysate (HGM) that made from porang (Amorphophallus muelleri). Hydrolysis was carried using HCl in different concentration (0.25N, 0.5N, 1N) then analyzed its inhibitor activity using ELISA kit. Result: Higher HCl concentration produced HGM with smaller average particle size and lower glucomannan content. However, ELISA studies showed that glucomannan, including its hydrolysates, have the potency to bind with S1 protein and inhibit the binding activity of S1-ACE2. Degraded glucomannan proven to have better bioactivity and able to interact with pathogen to inhibit its cell entry. This project should be a gateway for further biomedical study of glucomannan from Indonesia’s local tuber and new approach to produce more natural therapy against COVID-19.