Bioactive Compounds of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) from Several  Palm Oil Refineries

Estiasih, Teti; Ahmadi, Kgs; Widyaningsih, Tri Dewanti; Maligan, Jaya Mahar; Mubarok, Ahmad Zaki; Zubaidah, Elok; Mukhlisiyyah, Jhauharotul; Puspitasari, Risma

doi:10.19026/ajfst.5.3074

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Palm oil contained vitamin E 600-1.000 ppm, phytosterols 300-620 ppm, carotenoid 500-700 ppm, squalene 250-540 ppm, phospholipids 20-100 ppm, co-enzyme Q10 10-80 ppm, and poliphenol 40-70 ppm [18]. Meanwhile, our previous study [27] showed that PFAD from several palm oil refineries contained vitamin E 65-281 ppm, phytosetrols 407-6012 ppm, and squalene 206-1274 ppm. Vitamin E of PFAD comprised of α-tocopherol 9-135 ppm, α-tocotrienol 12-52 ppm, δ-tocotrienol 5-64 ppm, γ-tocotrienol 32-118 ppm.…”

Section: Bioactive Compounds Of Pfadmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Unsaponifiable Fraction from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate on Lipid Profile of Hypercholesterolaemia Rats

Estiasih¹,

Ahmadi²,

Widyaningsih³

et al. 2014

JFNR

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Physical refining of palm oil by deodorization produces palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) that contains some bioactive compounds such as vitamin E (tocopherol and tocotrienols), phytosterol, and squalene. These bioactive compounds were accumulated in unsaponifiable fraction. This study aimed to use USF as a source of bioactive compounds for lowering cholesterol that tested in vivo by using hypercholesterolaemia rats. The rats were divided into 4 groups that administered by USF of 0, 200, 500, 1000 mg/kg bw/day. As comparison, one group of rats was fed by commercial squalene supplement of 90 mg/kg bw/day. One group of normal rats was used as a control. The results showed that USF of PFAD contained vitamin E 1.96%, phytosterols 0.55%, and squalene 32.30%. Vitamin E of USF comprised of 83% tocotrienols and the remaining is tocopherol. Phytosterols of USF contained 0.42% beta sitosterol and 0.13% campesterol. The result showed that USF doses significantly affected blood serum total cholesterol reduction. Higher dose of USF caused greater reduction of serum blood cholesterol level. The highest decline of blood serum total cholesterol was found at USF dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/day. At dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/day, blood serum cholesterol level reached normal after USF administration for 4 weeks. The blood serum triglyceride level decreased in line with increasing USF doses. The sharp decline of blood serum triglyceride level was found at USF dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/day and at the end of experiment (week 4), the blood serum triglyceride level reached normal. Higher dose of USF resulted on greater decrease of LDL cholesterol level. The highest decline of LDL cholesterol level was found on USF 1000 mg/kg bw/day. Increasing USF dose resulted in increasing blood serum HDL cholesterol level. The higher rise of blood serum HDL cholesterol level was found at USF dose of 1000 mg/kg bw/day. Commercial squalene at dose of 90 mg/kg bw/day was less effective in reducing total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and troglyceride, as well as in rising HDL cholesterol level than USF 200 mg/kg bw/day (equivalent to squalene 64.60 mg/kg bw/day). This finding proved that multi components of bioactive compounds in USF improved blood lipid profile synergistically.

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Section: Bioactive Compounds Of Pfadmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Unsaponifiable Fraction from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate on Lipid Profile of Hypercholesterolaemia Rats

Estiasih¹,

Ahmadi²,

Widyaningsih³

et al. 2014

JFNR

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“…DD is an excellent source in this respect as it contains valuable products like phytosterols, tocopherols, sterols and hydrocarbons (mainly squalene), which can be recovered and isolated as food additives [3][4][5] . Different DDs or fatty acid distillates are used for this purpose like soybean, canola and sunflower 6,7 , palm [8][9][10] , rice bran oil 11 etc. SODD has been considered as an important source for the preparation of functional foods such as STC.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Foods from Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate using Candida Rugosa and Candida Antarctica lipases

2019

Chem Sci Trans

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Functional foods containing sterols and tocopherols create significant attention and find extensive applications in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries in the last few decades. Functional foods not only provide basic nutrition but can also prevent diseases and ensure good health and longevity. In the present study, functional food like sterols and tocopherols concentrate (STC) is prepared from cheap raw material like soybean oil deodoriser distillate (SODD) which is an important by product of vegetable oil refining industries. Initially, SODD is hydrolysed with enzyme Amano-30 (a crude lipase from Candida rugosa) in the presence of water for 8 h at a certain temperature. The hydrolysed SODD is esterified with excess butanol in the presence of enzyme NS 40013 (Candida antartica, a non-specific immobilized lipase) for 5 h. The esterified SODD is then distilled in molecular distillation unit at a very low pressure and a moderate high temperature. The distilled product contains mainly butyl ester and a very little amount of unsaponifiable matters. Residue fraction contains mainly unsaponifiable matters where higher amounts of tocopherols and sterols are present. This residue fraction may be considered as STC which is utilised as functional foods in the food sector.

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“…PFAD berwarna cokelat, berbau khas dan berbentuk padat pada temperatur ruang (Hasibuan dan Siahaan, 2013). PFAD mengandung 85-95% asam lemak bebas dengan asam palmitat dan asam oleat sebagai komponen terbesar dan komponen lain berupa triasilgliserol, gliserida parsial dan fraksi yang tidak tersabunkan seperti vitamin E, sterol dan squalen (Ping and Yusof, 2009;Estiasih et al, 2013). PFAD berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan baku produk pangan, non pangan dan nutrisi serta kesehatan.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Enzimatik Esterifikasi Menggunakan Lipase Antara Asam Lemak Sawit Destilat Dan Gliserol Untuk Sintesis Triasilgliserol

Hasibuan

Ijah

2018

J.Wart.Industri.Has.Pertan.

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Asam lemak sawit destilat (palm fatty acid distillate,PFAD) merupakan fraksi asam lemak bebas dari hasil rafinasi minyak sawit mentah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji esterifikasi antara PFAD dan gliserol untuk sintesis triasilgliserol secara enzimatik menggunakan enzim lipase sebagai katalis. Rasio mol antara gliserol dan PFAD yang digunakan adalah 1:1-1:10, waktu reaksi selama 4-72 jam, suhu reaksi 50-80 °C dan jumlah katalis lipase sebanyak 1-20 %. Produk esterifikasi dianalisa kadar monoasilgliserol, diasilgliserol, triasilgliserol dan asam lemak bebas. Senyawa triasilgliserol dikarakterisasi kandungan triasilgliserol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa triasilgliserol dapat diperoleh dengan kadar triasilgliserol sebesar 21-24 % pada rasio gliserol dan PFAD 1/6, waktu reaksi selama 72 jam, suhu reaksi 60 °C dan katalis lipase sebanyak 1 %. Senyawa triasilgliserol memiliki kandungan 1,2,3-tripalmitoylglycerol (PPP) 19,4 %, 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol (POP) 32,4 %, dan 1(3)palmitoyl-2,3(1)-dioleyl-glycerol (POO) 17,7 %.

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Bioactive Compounds of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) from Several Palm Oil Refineries

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

The Effect of Unsaponifiable Fraction from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate on Lipid Profile of Hypercholesterolaemia Rats

The Effect of Unsaponifiable Fraction from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate on Lipid Profile of Hypercholesterolaemia Rats

Functional Foods from Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate using Candida Rugosa and Candida Antarctica lipases

Enzimatik Esterifikasi Menggunakan Lipase Antara Asam Lemak Sawit Destilat Dan Gliserol Untuk Sintesis Triasilgliserol

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