AbstrakSalah satu cara untuk menjamin independensi lembaga peradilan maupun hakim, UUD 1945 mengatur sedemikian rupa proses dan mekanisme pengisian jabatan hakim agung, yaitu dengan menyerahkan pengusulan calon hakim agung kepada suatu organ konstitusional yang independen yaitu KY yang dibentuk berdasarkan UUD 1945. Latar belakang pemberian kewenangan pengusulan calon hakim agung kepada KY, tidak terlepas dari pengalaman pengangkatan hakim agung sebelum perubahan UUD 1945 berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 1985 tentang Mahkamah Agung yang menentukan bahwa hakim agung diangkat oleh Presiden selaku Kepala Negara dari calon yang diusulkan oleh DPR yaitu diusulkan masing-masing dua calon untuk satu posisi hakim agung. Mekanisme tersebut dianggap tidak memberi jaminan independensi kepada hakim agung, karena penentuan hakim agung akan sangat ditentukan oleh Presiden dan usul DPR yang kedua-duanya adalah lembaga politik. Perubahan UUD 1945 dimaksudkan, antara lain, memberikan jaminan independensi yang lebih kuat kepada hakim agung, dengan menentukan mekanisme pengusulan hakim agung yang dilakukan oleh suatu lembaga negara yang independen pula, sehingga pengaruh politik dalam proses penentuan hakim agung dapat diminimalisasi. Dalam hal ini, UUD menghendaki adanya peran minimal kekuatan politik dari lembaga politik untuk menentukan hakim agung, agar hakim agung benar-benar independen. Keyword : Pola-Mekanisme Pengisian Jabatan, Hakim Agung, Mahkamah Agung AbstractOne way to guarantee the independence of the judiciary and judges, the 1945 Constitution regulates in such a way the process and mechanism for filling the position of Supreme Court justices, namely by submitting the nomination of candidates for Supreme Court justices to an independent constitutional organ, namely the Judicial Commission established under the 1945 Constitution. candidates for Supreme Court justices to KY, cannot be separated from the experience of appointing Supreme Court justices prior to the amendment to the 1945 Constitution based on Law Number 14 of 1985 concerning the Supreme Court which determines that Supreme Court Justices are appointed by the President as Head of State from the candidates proposed by the DPR, namely those proposed by each two candidates for one position of chief justice. This mechanism is considered not to guarantee the independence of the Supreme Court justices, because the determination of the Supreme Judges will be largely determined by the President and the proposal of the DPR, both of which are political institutions. The amendments to the 1945 Constitution are intended, among other things, to provide a stronger guarantee of independence to the Supreme Court justices, by determining the mechanism for proposing Supreme Court justices which is carried out by an independent state institution as well, so that political influence in the process of determining Supreme Court justices can be minimized. In this case, the Constitution requires a minimal role of political power from political institutions to determine Supreme Court justices, so that Supreme Court justices are truly independent. Keyword : Pattern-Mechanism of Position Filling, Supreme Court Justices, Supreme Court
The existence of Correctional Institutions is part of the criminal system in Indonesia. The criminal law policy which is not yet ideal and the management of prisons that are not optimal have caused over capacity in all prisons. Therefore, in the event of a prison fire disaster, mitigation and rapid evacuation of the inmates cannot be carried out and cause death toll. When there are inmates who die as a result of a prison fire, of course, there must be a party who is responsible politically, sociologically and juridically. This study aims to determine criminal liability in prison fire cases based on the Criminal Code, Law Number 12 of 1995 concerning Corrections and other laws and regulations. This research uses normative juridical research method. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that politically and sociologically those responsible for the fire incident were government officials who handled prison affairs, namely the Minister of Law and Human Rights, the Director General of Corrections, and the head of the prison. While juridically those responsible for the prison fire incident were the perpetrators who were found guilty either by intention or negligence, namely the prison officer for general affairs who handled prison electricity and the prison warden on duty when the fire occurred. To prevent prison fires from causing the inmates to die, it is expected that the government, will improve prison management and carry out criminal law policy reform to improve the criminal system in Indonesia.Keyword: correctional institution; criminal liability; fire
The emergence of the term whistleblower and justice collaborator in law enforcement processes in Indonesia provides a new atmosphere, where someone who knows or is involved in the occurrence of a crime can assist law enforcement officials in uncovering true facts, for which reason the law rewards them. in the form of leniency in sentencing to the witnesses of the cooperating perpetrators. Departing from these facts, the questions in this research are (1) Institutions authorized to make someone involved in a crime a justice collaborator, (2) obtaining status as a justice collaborator. The method used in this research is normative legal research with the statute approach, case approach, and conceptual approach. The purpose of this research is to find out which institutions/agencies can make a person a justice collaborator in uncovering the occurrence of a crime.
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