BACKGROUND: Past tuberculosis therapy has been linked to an increased chance of developing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Indonesia is placed 8th among the 27 nations with "high-burden" MDR-TB.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors associated of multidrug-resistance tuberculosis among minangkabau ethnicity in Indonesia.
METHODS: The authors conducted a case control study. Data were gathered in Dr. M Djamil General Hospital Padang, Lubuk Alung Hospital Pariaman and Primary Health Care in Padang Pariaman District from December 2019-March 2020. In this study, there were 73 cases (MDR-TB) and 219 controls (Tuberculosis) who were matched by age and sex. The sampling technique in this research was convenience sampling. Data were gathered from medical records. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were investigated using chi-square and logistic binary regression test. The data were analyzed using STATA version 14.2.
Results: The risk factors for MDR-TB, cavitary pulmonary had the highest odds ratio (OR = 113.54 [95% CI 15.02-858.54]), followed by TB outside the lung (OR = 38,68 [95% CI 4.89-305.43]), nutritional status (OR = 10.92 [95% CI 5.79-20.56]), alcohol consumption (OR = 6.45 [95% CI 1.57-26.48]), working status (OR = 4.08 [95% CI 2.33-7.17]), level of education (OR = 2.79 [95% CI 1.61-4.85]), history of close contact to patients with MDR-TB and TB (OR = 2.35 [95% CI 1.30-4.22]) and diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.12 [95% CI 1.15-3.91]). Multivariate analysis found that patients with a cavitary pulmonary was significant dominant factors for MDR-TB.
Conclusion: MDR-TB was predicted by previous tuberculosis therapy and cavitary pulmonary disease.
Technology has been growing rapidly to help humans living their everyday life. Human, as the user interacts through an interface called user interface (UI), and the experience that the users are having is called user experience (UX). UI and UX are inseparable as a good user interface will result in a better user experience. Portal Unand is a web-based app that has all academic information for students. An initial survey was conducted to find out student’s thoughts on Portal Unand. Students have complaints towards Portal Unand due to its unresponsiveness, old-fashioned design, important features weren’t highlighted, etc. Hence, it reduced user experience in using Portal Unand. In this study, the redesign was done by using the design thinking. The study started from empathizing with the users until testing the prototype to the users by conducting usability testing. Usability testing was conducted by using Maze and System Usability Scale (SUS). The score of usability testing was 84 which fell into the high range. The SUS score was 83.33 which fell into grade A and acceptable category. As the new prototype managed to fulfill users’ needs and met users’ expectations, the prototype was usable and ready to be developed.
Ratio analysis is one of the most competent tools to predict the bankruptcy of a company. In this paper the bankruptcy prediction of listed cement company in Indonesian StockExchanges has been evaluated using Altman Z-score. This study aims to determine the level of the bankruptcy of the listed cement companies in the Indonesian Stock Exchange during 2013 to 2017. There are four listed cement companies, namely PT Semen A, PT Semen B, PT Semen C and PT Semen D. Based on the results of the research, it shows that PT Semen A, PT Semen B and PT Semen C are in the safe zone with the highest Z value which is 15,822 and the lowest Z value which is 3,542. PT Semen D is in the bankrupt zone because it has a Z value below 1.8. For that reason, all companies need to improve the performance immediately to avoid the bankruptcy happening. There are many ways to avoid the bankruptcy such as improving the sales revenue, improving operational cost and waste reduction in operation.
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