A better understanding of variability in plant populations is crucial for crop improvement which plant breeders can use through selection. This study aimed to determine selection criteria for the sixth generation of black rice through genetic variability, heritability value and genetic advance. This research was conducted from March to July 2018 at Pakahan Village, Jogonalan Sub-district, Klaten Regency, Central Java, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The variables observed were plant height, total number of tillers and productive tillers, panicle length, number of seeds per panicle, panicle intensity index, weight per panicle, 1,000 seed weight, seed weight per plant, flowering age, harvest age, plot yield, yield per hectare, rice color and total anthocyanin content. Variance analysis showed that there was a very significant difference (p <0.01) among the genotypes tested for all observed characters indicating variability. In this study, the phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) values was relatively higher than the genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) for all traits. However, GCV values were close to PCV values in some characters such as plant height, flowering age, harvest age, rice color and anthocyanin content which showed a high contribution of genotypic effects to the phenotypic expression of these characters. The high heritability and high average value of genetic advance were indicated in the parameters of plant height, flowering age, harvest age, rice color and anthocyanin content. The characters of plant height, flowering age, harvest age, rice color and anthocyanin content can be used as sixth-generation black rice selection criteria.
Pemerintah telah memperkenalkan berbagai teknologi budidaya padi untuk menjamin ketersediaan pangan. Sejak tahun 1970 petani desa Tualang sudah terbiasa menggunakan varietas unggul, pestisida kimia dan pupuk kimia yang didukung irigasi. Paket teknologi budidaya konvensional ini, khususnya penggunaan pupuk kimia ternyata telah menyebabkan menurunnya kualitas tanah dimana respons terhadap pemupukan menurun yang ditunjukkan dengan sulitnya produksi padi meningkat walaupun dosis pupuk sudah ditambahkan. Hal ini menunjukkan kelelahan tanah yang dicirikan utamanya oleh kandungan bahan organik tanah yang sangat rendah. Salah satu upaya perbaikan kualitas tanah ini dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan bahan organik, khususnya dalam bentuk pupuk organik. Sumber utama bahan baku pupuk organik yang tersedia adalah jerami padi. Untuk memfaatkan jerami padi menjadi pupuk organik dapat digunakan teknologi kompos. Pengenalan teknologi pembuatan kompos kepada petani dan pemanfaatannya dalam budidaya padi telah membantu petani untuk memperbaiki kualitas tanah untuk menjamin keberlanjutan produksi.
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