Used cooking oil is widely considered waste because it can damage the environment and cause health problems. Meanwhile, used cooking oil can be used as a substitute raw material for Crude Palm Oil (CPO) in Indonesia's national biodiesel program.Indonesia has a remarkable ability to use used cooking oil as a raw material for making biodiesel. If the 1.2 million kiloliters of biodiesel made from CPO raw materials are exchanged with used cooking oil raw materials, it can save approximately Rp.4.2 trillion. There are various process technologies in making biodiesel, including microemulsion, pyrolysis, and transesterification. Transesterification is a process in which triglycerides and methanol are reacted to create biodiesel and glycerol as a by-product. Transesterification using a homogeneous catalyst has advantages such as lower cost, relatively short processing time, and higher yield of biodiesel products.Transesterification using a homogeneous catalyst has the disadvantage of a more complex separation. This literature study aims to explain the method for biodiesel production and becomes a reference in terms of process selection in biodiesel manufacturing plants, especially from used cooking oil as raw material.
The conflict between humans and elephants can cause disadvantages for both humans and elephants in the form of property and loss of life. The objective of this study was to determine community perceptions of the conflict between humans and elephants. Data were collected through interviews with thirty respondents by using a questionnaire as guidance. The respondents were randomly selected from Tegal Yoso Village, Purbolinggo District, East Lampung Regency, which is one of the buffer villages of the Way Kambas National Park (TNWK). The results showed that 100% of the community declared elephants as plant destroyers, and 97% of plant consumers. The results also revealed that 100% of the community has a positive perception by considering elephants as an endangered species and has the potential to become tourist attractions, while 97% or the community considered elephant as a charismatic animal, beautiful, having a strong memory, and sensitive. The community showed awareness of the conservation of Sumatran elephants. It was shown from their attitude in dealing with the elephants that enter the agricultural area by reporting to the authorized officer. The Elephant Response Unit (ERU) in Tegal Yoso and the community need to increase safeguards to reduce conflicts between elephants and humans in the buffer zone of TNWK.Keywords: elephant, community, conflict, mitigation, perception
Presensi adalah kegiatan pengambilan data untuk mencatat jumlah kehadiran. Ada beberapa metode pengambilan presensi yang sering digunakan, yaitu memanggil nama satu persatu dan memberikan kertas untuk ditanda-tangani satu persatu. Hal tersebut merupakan cara konvensional yang masih diterapkan di Politeknik Negeri Malang (Polinema). Pengambilan data kehadiran secara konvensional kurang efisien dan memiliki beberapa masalah diantaranya membutuhkan waktu yang lama dalam memanggil mahasiswa satu persatu, membutuhkan biaya untuk mencetak kertas dan kertas presensi sering kali terlambat dicetak dan didistribusikan. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, muncul ide untuk memanfaatkan NFC pada smartphone Android untuk melakukan proses presensi pada setiap mahasiswa. Sistem menggunakan Representational State Transfer (REST) untuk komunikasi data. Sistem presensi Jurusan Teknologi Informasi (JTI) Polinema dengan cara konvensional membutuhkan waktu 1 jam. Dengan memanfaatkan teknologi ini, sistem presensi hanya membutuhkan waktu selama 5 menit. Berdasarkan pengujian alat pembaca NFC jarak optimal pembacaan tag adalah < 4 cm untuk smartphone dan < 3 cm untuk sticker NFC dan waktu rata-rata response sampai data terkirim ke database server adalah 0.47541s untuk NFC smartphone dan 0.19975s untuk sticker NFC.
Abstrak. Strategi pengelolaan hutan secara agroforestri dalam skema Perhutanan Sosial (PS) perlu dipantau menggunakan teknologi penginderaan jauh. Teknologi analisis citra penginderaan jauh dan teknologi informasi saat ini telah berkembang ke dalam penggunaan cloud computing dan Big Data seperti platform Google Earth Engine (GEE) yang membuat perolehan data turunan citra satelit seperti tutupan lahan menjadi sangat cepat. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis citra satelit multiwaktu menggunakan platform GEE dengan algoritma Random Forest (RF) dan Classification and Regression Trees (CART) dalam konteks pemantauan program perhutanan sosial. Hasil uji penilaian akurasi klasifikasi menunjukkan bahwa algoritma RF memiliki hasil akurasi lebih baik dengan nilai overall accuracy sebesar 94,64% dan kappa accuracy sebesar 92,23% dibandingkan dengan algoritma CART yang mendapatkan nilai overall accuracy sebesar 89,77% dan nilai kappa accuracy sebesar 85,54%. Penggunaan platform google earth engine untuk pemantauan skema PS terbukti berhasil di beberapa daerah dalam penerapan mitigasi peningkatan deforestasi dan degradasi hutan. Abstract. Agroforestry forest management needs to be carried out and monitored using remote sensing technology. The latest development related to remote sensing technology today is using cloud computing and Big Data such as the Google Earth Engine (GEE), which makes the acquisition of derived data from satellite imagery such as land cover very quickly. This paper aims to analyze multi-time satellite imagery using GEE with Random Forest (RF) and Classification and Regression Trees (CART) algorithms. The results show that the RF algorithm has better classification accuracy with an overall accuracy value of 94.64% and kappa accuracy of 92.23% compared to the CART algorithm which gets an overall accuracy value of 89.77% and kappa accuracy value of 85.54%. The use of GEE platform for monitoring PS schemes has proven successful in several areas in implementing mitigation of increased deforestation and forest degradation.
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