A Biodiesel Production Technology from Used Cooking Oil: A Review

Abstract

Used cooking oil is widely considered waste because it can damage the environment and cause health problems. Meanwhile, used cooking oil can be used as a substitute raw material for Crude Palm Oil (CPO) in Indonesia's national biodiesel program.Indonesia has a remarkable ability to use used cooking oil as a raw material for making biodiesel. If the 1.2 million kiloliters of biodiesel made from CPO raw materials are exchanged with used cooking oil raw materials, it can save approximately Rp.4.2 trillion. There are various process technologies in making biodiesel, including microemulsion, pyrolysis, and transesterification. Transesterification is a process in which triglycerides and methanol are reacted to create biodiesel and glycerol as a by-product. Transesterification using a homogeneous catalyst has advantages such as lower cost, relatively short processing time, and higher yield of biodiesel products.Transesterification using a homogeneous catalyst has the disadvantage of a more complex separation. This literature study aims to explain the method for biodiesel production and becomes a reference in terms of process selection in biodiesel manufacturing plants, especially from used cooking oil as raw material.

Reducing Free Fatty Acids in Crude Palm Oil Using Diethylene Glycol and Zinc(II) Chloride Based Deep Eutectic Solvent

“…DES was prepared by heating DEG and ZnCl 2 at 80 °C for 1 h to remove hydrate in DEG and water vapor that might be contained in ZnCl 2 . DEG is hydrated, while ZnCl 2 is hygroscopic [1]. The water content in the manufacture of DES will disrupt the hydrogen bonds between chloride ions from ZnCl 2 and OH groups from DEG [19].…”

“…FFA are released when fat hydrolysis occurs. High FFA levels decrease CPO quality [1]. Titration is a method to determine FFA levels.…”

“…Crude palm oil (CPO) is obtained from palm oil pulp through sterilization and pressing processes. CPO is widely used as raw material for the cooking oil, soap, and biodiesel industries [1][2]. CPO has great potential as a raw material for making biodiesel because of its amount of 22-40% in ripe palm oil fruit [3].…”

Economic evaluation of biodiesel plant design in Bontang, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…Biodiesel raw materials can be obtained from vegetable oil, algae, microbial oil, and animal fats [3]. Waste in the food industry such as used cooking oil can also be used as raw material for biodiesel [6,7]. In the refining process, biodiesel will go through purification processes such as wet washing and dry washing.…”

Existing Model of Used Cooking Oil-Based Biodiesel Management in East Java

“…Countries in the world today have started to reduce the use of fossil fuels. They reduce the use of diesel because diesel is an energy source that is not environmentally friendly and nonrenewable [5]. The use of diesel causes air Correspondence address: (Calibri 8 Bold,Left) Kurniawan Sekar Angkoso Email : kurniawansekar@student.ub.ac.id Address : Jl.…”