Objectives: The objectives of the study was to determine differentmicroorganisms responsible for causing urinary tract infections UTI in children and to evaluatesensitivity and resistance pattern of different antibiotics used in UTIs. Setting: Study wasconducted in Children Hospital Complex (CHCM), Multan, Pakistan. Methods: Total 125 childrenhaving UTI were taken to determine the antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern againstmicroorganisms causing urinary tract infections in children. The urine samples were collected inurine bottles and smears were made within 2 hours of sample collection. Urine sample wasinoculated on agar media and then incubated for 24 hours. A smear was prepared on a slide formculture of microorganisms and gram testing was conducted. The microorganisms were thencharacterized by use of API (Analytical Profile Index) MICROBACT TM 24E of Oxoid England. Theantimicrobial susceptibility testing of various antibiotics was performed by disc diffusion method.Results and Conclusions: The percentage of Gram +ve bacteria causing urinary tract infectionsin children was 28%, Gram –ve 62.4% and Yeast 9.6%. The most prevailing species are S. aureus,S. epidermidis and E.coli. Results showed that female children are more prone to UTI than malechildren. Norfloxacin is effective in S. Aureus UTI while cefaclor is effective in S.epidermidis UTI.Amikacin, Norfloxacin and Cefuroxime are effective in UTI caused by E.coli.
As in most developing countries, incidence of cancer is also increasing inPakistan. It is important that information on the frequency and epidemiology of malignant tumorsbe updated, as it is the basis of future health planning for the population at risk. This retrospectivestudy was carried out to find the prevalence of various cancers in the population of Sargodhadistrict (central Punjab, Pakistan) and to compare the regional and international studies, so as toplan and develop the oncology setup of Sargodha Medical College on a rationalized basis ofdisease prevalence. Data from July 2010 to June 2013 was retrieved from the department ofstatistics of the hospital and variables of interest were collected and analyzed using SPSS 10.0. Itwas observed that the most frequent cancer in our patients was breast cancer (n=172) whilecarcinoma of lungs was the most frequent carcinoma in male population (n=24). However ourobservations were a bit different from the international studies published on the subject, theprobable reason being the availability of treatment facility and easier access in the nearbydistricts of Faisalabad and Lahore where many patients still go directly. More over the illiterateand poorer faction of the society does not come to the hospitals for management of the diseasebut rather go to the quakes and faith healers to relieve them of their sufferings. It is concluded thatthe department of clinical oncology should arrange cancer awareness programs for the generalpopulation to avoid delays in getting consultation, as at present they report to the hospital whenthe disease is quite advance and surgery is often not possible. Our study also revealed asomewhat different pattern of malignancies in our community raising a need for further studies toevaluate the reasons for this changed pattern in relation to various etiological factors.
Background: Urolithasis is a common urological ailment since antiquity. Treatment of urolithasis has witnessed a revolutionarychange with the advent of minimally invasive endoscopic techniques. However in developing countries very few cases of the renal stonedisease are being treated using minimally invasive techniques and vast majority are still being managed with open surgery. Objectives: Theobjective of the study was to compare the two incisions used for renal and proximal ureter access, and find out which was better in our set up.Methods: We carried out a study at our center, comprising of 50 cases of solitary renal stones, to compare the traditional oblique lumbar (OL)incision with dorsal lumbotomy (DL). Patients included in the study were with a BMI of less than 30, all ages, having single large stone of renal /proximal ureter, extra renal pelvis, no previous surgery on the ipsi-lateral side. Results: The study revealed that the lumbotomy incision is betterthan the traditional lumbar oblique incision in terms of surgery time, post operative pain, early return to work and cosmetically accepted scar.Conclusions: After analyzing the data we came to the conclusion that the lumbotomy incision was superior to the oblique lumbar incision inselected cases and we recommend that it should be used specially in centers where facilities for endoscopic/minimally invasive managementare not available.
Objectives: Ureterorenoscopy is a diagnostic and therapeutic modality, used for different ureteral and renal pathologies. It has virtually replaced open surgery for ureteric calculi. Study Design: Observational. Setting: Urology Department of Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha. Period: 2011-2015. Material and Methods: All cases who underwent URS for stone disease during the study period were included in the study. The initial criterion was a bit strict, due to minimum experience, which limited only clinically fit patients with no co-morbid illnesses, with stone size of 1 cm or less, located in middle or preferable in distal ureter, single stone was also preferred, but later the criterion was relaxed with gain confidence. The procedures were performed under general anesthesia using R Wolf Ureterorenoscope. Results: The total number of cases included in the study were 332 of which 189 were males and 143 were females. Average age being 42.82 years. The total number of stones managed were 354 (in 22 cases the stones were bilateral). The average size of stones was 1.2 cm. DJ stent was used in 78 cases. Complications were observed in 14.76 percent cases (2.71% major and 12.05% minor). No deaths occurred in the study group. Conclusion: Uretero renoscopy is an excellent tool for the management of ureteral stone disease so much so that these cases, after sufficient experience, can be managed as day cases. The complication rate can be controlled by careful patient selection. Being intuitive and stopping the procedure on the very first hint of something going wrong like the scope being stuck or requiring excessive force. Strictures should not be traversed without adequate prior dilatation. The operator should have sufficient experience with open surgery.
Background: Chronic renal failure / End stage renal disease is not only a medical illness but it also has wide ranging effects onthe patient and his family. Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate socio-economic impact of hemodialysis on patientsundergoing dialysis Setting: DHQ Teaching Hospital, Sargodha. Study Design: Cross sectional survey. Methods: The study was carried outa at our dialysis center. All 60 patients who were on dialysis schedule were included in the study. A structured questionnaire for socioeconomicimpact of dialysis was employed to collect the required data. by a third party i.e. a teacher and students of departments of Social Work,University of Sargodha, who were not involved in any part of the patient’s management, to avoid Physician bias and free expression by thepatients. Data was collected on questionnaire and analyzed. Results: A total of 60 patients were interviewed with male to female ratio of 3:1.Average age was 45.92 years. Sixty five percent lived in joint family. Majority of the patients had hypertension as the cause of renal failure. HCVwas positive in fifty five percent. Eighty percent patients were started on dialysis with a central venous access catheter. Sixty one percent weresatisfied by the behavior of their families while, fifty three percent said that the society showed sympathy towards them. Only thirty one percentwere satisfied with their life. About half the patients had economic stress. Forty one percent said that they have become isolated. Fifty onepercent were depressed. Fifteen percent were not satisfied with the attitude of nursing staff while ten percent patients by that of the doctors.Twenty five percent were not satisfied by the quality of medicine provided by NGO. Conclusions: Hemodialysis for ESRD is an expensiveendeavor. No government can cope with the ever increasing number of patients with ESRD. Community participation in terms of social groupsand financial assistance is an important factor to help this group of ailing population.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.