Ankle fractures are commonly seen in orthopaedic practice. This retrospective study of patients with ankle fractures who underwent surgical treatment in our institution from January 2000 to December 2003 was undertaken to analyze the common causes and patterns of ankle fractures; and the functional outcome of operative treatment for these fractures. Eighty patients were identified and reviewed. There were 65 male (81.3%) and 15 female patients (18.7%) with age ranging from 13 to 71 years old (mean, 32.3y). Common causes of ankle fractures were trauma (especially motor vehicle accidents), sports injuries and the osteoporotic bones in the elderly. Weber C (64.0%) was the most common pattern of fracture at presentation. The most common operative treatment for ankle fractures was open reduction and internal fixation (73 patients, 91.2%). Excellent and good outcomes were achieved in 93.8% of cases when measured using the Olerud and Molander scoring system for foot and ankle. In conclusion, operative treatment for ankle fractures restores sufficient stability and allowed mobility of the ankle joint.
Background: Smoking electronic cigarette is a current world phenomenon, however, the vaping community had ignorant about its health effects. Considering this view, this study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge and attitude toward e-cigarette and factors associated with it.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in the KOSPEN locality in Kuching district. Six out of the 64 KOSPEN localities had been chosen randomly as study locations. Systematic random sampling with replacement method was used to select the respondent. A total of 354 adults were interviewed by face to face interview using adapted and validated questionnaire. The data entry and analysis were done by IBM SPSS Version 22.0. A p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Data revealed that 66% of the respondents admitted that they heard about e-cigarette. Among them 54.3% of the respondent had good knowledge about e-cigarette. However, more than half (52.8%) do not support the use of e-cigarette. Bi-variate analysis revealed that male gender and attitude towards supporting e-cigarette was significantly associated with practice of e-cigarette (p<0.05). However, for the conventional practice of smoking, age, gender, marital status, level of education and occupation found to be significantly associated with practice of conventional smoking.Conclusions: Though the study did not depict the national scenarios of e-smoking and conventional cigarette smoking as well, but the factors identified in this study appeared to be policy options for the programme managers, health administration, and health educators designing the preventive programmes against e-smoking and conventional smoking.
Objectives To assess the impact of the nutritional status of COVID-19 patients on their mental health status. It is hypothesized that patients would have impaired mental health status due to compromised nutritional status Methods An epidemiological, cross-sectional study included acute-severely ill COVID-19 patients in Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia. The following parameters were assessed: demographic characteristics, nutritional status (using the Malnutrition Screening Tool), BMI, loss of appetite, weight loss, decreased food intake and mental health status (using the PHQ-9 to determine the severity of depression). Data collectors wore Personal Protective Equipment and spent a maximum of 15 minutes with each patient. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ministry of Health as well as patients. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Results Patients (n = 515; 82% males) were included. They aged 31–50 years old (60%), married (85%), had low education level (85%), employed in non-governmental sectors (67%), and were non-Saudis (76%). Patients complained of loss of appetite (32%), weight loss (16%), and decreased food intake (19%). A significant number were at risk (13.6%) and 1.6% had high risk of malnutrition. Patients (4%) were underweight and 45% were overweight and/or obese. The mean BMI was 25.4 (SD = 5). They (23.4%) suffered from various degrees of depression. Mild depression was most prevalent (17%) followed by moderate depression (4.3%). Moderately severe and severe depression were common among 2.1%. One way ANOVA indicated that the severity of depression associated with the loss of appetite (P < 0.0005), decreased food intake (P < 0.0005), weight loss (P < 0.0005), and BMI (P < 0.0005). Linear Multiple Regression showed that the loss of appetite (B = 0.037, 95%CI = 0.011–0.352, P = 0.037), weight loss (B = 0.114, 95%CI = 0.000–0.228, P = 0.0049), and BMI (B = 0.031, 95%CI = 0.004–0.057, P = 0.023) affected patients' severity of depression. Conclusions Possible factors associated with depression included loss of appetite, decreased food intake, weight change and BMI. Early detection of malnutrition-related factors and depression reduces hospital stay and cost of medication. It speeds up the rate of recovery, improves health outcomes and the quality of life. Funding Sources No funding was received.
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