Objectives Blood pressure (BP) responses to dietary sodium and potassium interventions vary among individuals. However, it is unknown whether salt-or potassium-sensitivity is a reproducible trait. Design and methodsWe repeated the dietary sodium and potassium intervention among 488 Han Chinese who participated in the GenSalt study four years after the original dietary intervention. The same dietary intervention protocol, which included a 7-day low sodium-feeding (51.3 mmol/day), a 7-day high sodium-feeding (307.8 mmol/day), and a 7-day high sodium-feeding with an oral potassium supplementation (60 mmol/day), was applied in both the original and repeated studies. Three BP measurements were obtained during each of the 3 days of baseline observation and on days 5, 6, and 7 of each intervention period.Results BP responses to dietary intervention in the original and repeated studies were highly correlated. For example, the correlation coeffi cients for systolic BP were 0.7681 at baseline, 0.7902 during lowsodium, 0.8045 during high-sodium, and 0.8232 during high-sodium and potassium supplementation intervention (all p Ͻ 0.0001). The correlation coeffi cients for systolic BP changes between original and repeated studies were 0.3659 from baseline to low-sodium, 0.3655 from low to high-sodium, and 0.2850 from high-sodium to potassium supplementation (all p Ͻ 0.0001). ConclusionsThese data indicate that BP responses to dietary sodium and potassium intervention are reproducible traits.Objective To investigate salt intake and blood pressure (BP) control status in the residents of Japanese rural island.Objective To evaluate the mechanisms of left (LV) and right (RV) ventricular hypertrophy induced by high salt intake.Methods 18-week-old male Wistar rats were fed normal (NS: 1.3% NaCl) or high (HS 8%) salt diet since weaning. From the 7th week of age, two HS subgroups received hydralazine or losartan (HZ 15 or LO 20mg/kg/ day). Tail blood pressure (BP), cardiac mass to tibial length ratio (CM/ TL), cardiomyocyte transverse diameter (TD), interstitial fi brosis (IF) and serum aldosterone (SA) were measured.Results (mean Ϯ SEM -p Ͻ 0.05, n ϭ 8/group) At 18th week of age, BP (mmHg) was higher in HS (142 Ϯ 6) than in NS (112 Ϯ 2). BP in HS ϩ HZ (116 Ϯ 6) and HS ϩ LO (118 Ϯ 2) did not differ from NS. TD (µm) in the LV was higher in HS (19 Ϯ 0.6) and HS ϩ HZ (17 Ϯ 0.8) than in NS (13 Ϯ 0.4) and HS ϩ LO (13 Ϯ 0.8). TD in the RV was higher in HS (16 Ϯ 0.3) and HS ϩ HZ (14 Ϯ 0.4) than in NS (12 Ϯ 0.2) and HS ϩ LO (12 Ϯ 0.8). IF (%) was higher in HS than NS, HS ϩ HZ and HS ϩ LO in both ventricles (LV: HS 0.56 Ϯ 0.08, NS 0.22 Ϯ 0.04, HS ϩ HZ 0.10 Ϯ 0.04 and HS ϩ LO 0.16 Ϯ 0.03) (RV: HS 0.92 Ϯ 0.06, NS 0.32 Ϯ 0.02, HS ϩ HZ 0.52 Ϯ 0.08 and HS ϩ LO 0.56 Ϯ 0.08). CM/TL did not differ among all experimental groups. SA was lower in all groups that received salt overload than NS.Conclusions In Wistar rats, salt induced cardiac hypertrophy is blood pressure independent and unrelated to changes in ventricular mass. It can be speculated that this...
Ankle fractures are commonly seen in orthopaedic practice. This retrospective study of patients with ankle fractures who underwent surgical treatment in our institution from January 2000 to December 2003 was undertaken to analyze the common causes and patterns of ankle fractures; and the functional outcome of operative treatment for these fractures. Eighty patients were identified and reviewed. There were 65 male (81.3%) and 15 female patients (18.7%) with age ranging from 13 to 71 years old (mean, 32.3y). Common causes of ankle fractures were trauma (especially motor vehicle accidents), sports injuries and the osteoporotic bones in the elderly. Weber C (64.0%) was the most common pattern of fracture at presentation. The most common operative treatment for ankle fractures was open reduction and internal fixation (73 patients, 91.2%). Excellent and good outcomes were achieved in 93.8% of cases when measured using the Olerud and Molander scoring system for foot and ankle. In conclusion, operative treatment for ankle fractures restores sufficient stability and allowed mobility of the ankle joint.
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