Issues related to the existence of Allah the Almighty are important topics for debate, in order to differentiate human beings who are muwaḥḥid (believer) and those who are mulḥid (unbeliever). Any denial and misunderstanding of this concept, will certainly lead to denial and misunderstanding of the existence of Allah the Almighty, and it leads to disbelieving. For this reason, Islamic scholars have paid great attention on these issues, by presenting various arguments and specific evidence of their scholarly works to justify the existence of Allah the Almighty. This paper aims to examine the issues related to the existence of Allah the Almighty from the perspective of a famous reformer (mujaddid) of the fifth century, al-Ghazali (d. 505AH), in his book Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn. This qualitative study was carried out using content analysis of Iḥyā’. This study found out that al-Ghazali has presented in Iḥyā’ arguments such as al-fitrah, nuṣūṣ and intellect in proving the existence of Allah. This finding shows that al-Ghazali has a strong foundation and argument similar to that of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah, who recognize the nature of using proposition via naqlī and ‘aqlī as the source of evidence on proving the existence of Allah the Almighty.
The article dicusses about the issue regarding the element of taṣdīq either dārūrī or naẓarī to identify more advance about the good intelect’s observation towards something. This is because not all of the human mind requires argument and evidence in a case involving the khowledge that must be known usually. This qualitative research applied the method of documentation and data analysis to indentify and definite taṣdīq via the works of ancient scholars and convicts the methodology of taṣdīq through ḍarūrī where is not applying any argumentation to determind the understanding of debate and naẓarī where is applying the evidence deeply in understanding the debates . The scope of this research will focus on the topic of taṣdīq’s element for detail via the view of scholars such as al-Damanhūrī, al-Bayjūrī and so on. Then, the researcher concludes out the methodology of taṣdīq that geared towards ḍarūrī and naẓarī that cause the needful of healthy mind in solving a problem. As a result, it can be proved precisely that the reason that aquires the argument is just taṣdīq of naẓarī only after having the good taṣawwur in mind. As for the the taṣdīq that categorized as ḍarūrī can be accepted by the human mind generally without a long process of thinking for undestanding an issue. Makalah ini membincangkan isu yang membabitkan elemen taṣdīq sama ada secara ḍarūrī mahupun secara naẓarī supaya dapat mengenal pasti dengan lebih lanjut tilikan akal yang sihat kepada sesuatu perkara. Hal ini demikian kerana tidak semua akal manusia memerlukan hujah dan dalil dalam mengkonklusikan sesuatu perkara yang membabitkan pengetahuan yang mesti diketahui umum. Kajian berbentuk kualitatif ini mengaplikasikan kaedah dokumentasi dan analisis data dalam mengenal pasti takrifan taṣdīq yang tepat melalui karya-karya ulama silam serta mensabitkan kaedah taṣdīq yang bersifat ḍarūrī di mana tidak mengaplikasikan hujah akal secara sistematik dan yang bersifat naẓarī di mana menggunakan dalil secara tafṣīlī dalam memahami sesuatu perbahasan. Skop perbahasan akan berfokus kepada perbahasan elemen taṣdīq secara terperinci menurut pandangan para ulama seperti al-Damanhūrī, al-Bayjūrī dan sebagainya. Kemudian, pengkaji menyatakan kaedah-kaedah taṣdīq yang menjurus ke arah ḍarūrī dan naẓarī yang menyebabkan perlunya akal yang sihat dalam menyelesaikan sesuatu masalah. Hasilnya, dapat dibuktikan secara tepat bahawa akal yang memerlukan hujah hanyalah taṣdīq yang bersifat naẓarī sahaja setelah memiliki taṣawwur yang kemas di dalam akal. Manakala taṣdīq yang berkriteriakan ḍarūri dapat diterima oleh akal manusia secara umumnya tanpa memerlukan proses pemikiran akal yang panjang dalam memahami sesuatu isu.
'Abd al-Qadir Wangah is a preacher and scholar who is well known in the Malay Archipelago. His field expertise is more to Usuluddin who is the core of one's Islam. The proof, he authored several books that talk about the science of Tawhid such as Taqrīb al-Ikhwān fī Taʿallum ʿAqā’id al-Īmān, Asās al-ʿItiqād and so on. Therefore, this paper focuses on the debate on monotheism through the nature of qidam Allah SWT in addition to presenting the methodology of al-qiyās al-iqtirānī in describing the tafṣīlī evidence of the debate on that nature. This qualitative study uses the method of documentation and content analysis through the text of Taqrīb al-Ikhwān by ‘Abd al-Qādir Wangah as well as logic references such as Īḍāḥ al-Mubham, Mughni al-Ṭullāb and so on. Aspects of the debate will focus on the biography of ʿAbd al-Qādir Wangah briefly. Later, this study will include a debate on the nature of salbiyyah, especially on the nature of qidam. Next, this paper will discuss the methodology of al-qiyās al-iqtirānī specifically according to the logical scholars and its application in describing the evidence of qidam and in Taqrīb al-Ikhwān. As a result, the use of al-qiyas al-iqtirānī is applied by ʿAbd al-Qādir Wangah indirectly through two contexts of muttaṣilah verses instead of ḥamliyyah both or munfaṣilah both or one ḥamliyyah and another muttaṣilah or ḥamliyyah munfaṣilah or mutta in describing burhān the nature of qidam of Allah SWT. Abstract: ʿAbd al-Qādir Wangah seorang pendakwah dan ulama Melayu yang sangat terkenal di Nusantara. Kepakaran bidangnya lebih kepada Usuluddin yang menjadi teras agama Islam seseorang. Buktinya, beliau mengarang beberapa kitab yang membicarakan berkenaan dengan ilmu Tauhid seperti Taqrīb al-Ikhwān fī Taʿallum ʿAqā’id al-Īmān, Asās al-ʿItiqād dan sebagainya. Oleh yang demikian, makalah ini memfokuskan perbahasan tauhid menerusi sifat qidam Allah SWT di samping mengemukakan metodologi al-qiyās al-iqtirānī dalam menghuraikan dalil tafṣīlī terhadap perbahasan sifat tersebut. Kajian berbentuk kualitatif ini menggunakan kaedah dokumentasi dan analisis kandungan menerusi teks Taqrīb al-Ikhwān karya ‘Abd al-Qādir Wangah serta rujukan ilmu mantik seperti Īḍāḥ al-Mubham, Mughni al-Ṭullāb dan sebagainya. Aspek perbahasan akan tertumpu kepada biografi ʿAbd al-Qādir Wangah secara ringkas. Kemudian, kajian ini akan memuatkan perbahasan sifat salbiyyah khususnya pada sifat qidam. Seterusnya, makalah ini akan membincangkan berkenaan metodologi al-qiyās al-iqtirānī secara khusus menurut para ulama mantik dan aplikasinya pada menghuraikan dalil qidam dan baqā’ dalam Taqrīb al-Ikhwān. Hasilnya, penggunaan al-qiyas al-iqtirānī ini diaplikasikan oleh ʿAbd al-Qādir Wangah secara tidak langsung menerusi dua konteks ayat yang muttaṣilah bukannya secara ḥamliyyah kedua-duanya atau munfaṣilah kedua-duanya atau satu ḥamliyyah dan satu lagi muttaṣilah atau ḥamliyyah munfaṣilah atau muttaṣilah munfaṣilah dalam menghuraikan burhān sifat qidam Allah SWT.
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