Recently, Wind Turbines (WTs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs) have been
integrated into the demand side of many countries. WTs and EVs have
uncertainties in electrical energy generation and consumption,
respectively. Additionally, Thermal Units (TUs) suffer from random
failures. As always, secure power system operation is the main goal of
an independent system operator, therefore, these uncertainties should be
considered. This paper proposes a two-stage reliability-based model for
the economic dispatch of TUs and WTs in the presence of a demand-side
response program. At the first stage, the well-being analysis is
performed to determine the power generation and spinning reserve of the
TUs regarding the timely power generation of WTs. At the second stage,
the adoption of the responsive load consumption with the various
conditions of the generation system in the power pool market is
established using the cost of expected energy not served criterion. This
optimization problem is solved at two stages using the genetic
algorithm. To validate the proposed model, numerical studies have been
applied to the generation part of an IEEE test power system including
eleven TUs, one WT, and one thousand EVs.
SummaryThis paper proposes a single‐ended primary‐inductor converter (SEPIC)‐based DC‐DC converter with higher voltage gain, continuous input current, and lower voltage stress. Suggested converter uses three‐winding coupled inductors and voltage multiplier for boosting function. The proposed structure stores lower amount of energy due to lower current magnitudes of used inductors. Moreover, using voltage multiplier reduces the voltage stress of the elements connected to the output terminals of the proposed converter. By reducing the voltage stress, in addition to reducing the rating of output elements and costs, the overall efficiency will also be increased. Also, a clamping circuit is used to diminish the voltage stresses on power switch. In order to represent the advantages of the proposed converter over some other converters in the viewpoints of the number of the used elements, continuity of input current, voltage gain, the voltage stress on power switch, and output diode, a comparison study is provided. To validate the practicability of the proposed converter, a 200‐W prototype is implemented and the experimental results are provided.
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