One effort of increasing rural economy can be conducted by developing rural tourism. Tourism sector is considered to be capable to encourage the development of other economy sectors. Tourism also contributes in increasing job opportunity and income. The bottom up planning paradigm expects the community to take roles as both subject and object of development. Dieng Plateau as a tourist attraction has various kinds of attractions. Rural tourism is designed by the local community to the tourist attraction in Dieng. This research aims at identifying how the implementation model of Community Based Tourism has been conducted to the development of Dieng Kulon rural tourism. This research is a qualitative one, which uses the primary data taken from Observation Technique and Focus Group Discussion. The analysis used in this research is descriptive qualitative and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). This research has found a model of Community-Based Tourism that has been conducted in the development of Dieng Kulon rural tourism through Pokdarwis (Tourism Awareness Group) and Pokja (Workgroup) establishment on eight fields. The Community Based Tourism model that has been tested and implemented in this research may complement the models in the previous research findings, which show the roles and functions of each actor of tourism development.
Coal energy is a cheap and abundant source of electricity in ASEAN. Despite this, the reality of CO2 emissions from coal gets a red report card on the issue of climate change. In terms of the institutional economy, corruption is the main enemy in the issue of environmental pollution; the cleaner government agencies, the lower the environmental pollution. In particular, the research aims to find out the moderating effect of government integrity concerning corruption and CO2 emissions from coal in ASEAN. But to help construct the analysis, the paper also previously looked into the relationship between corruption and CO2 emissions from coal and found out whether economic development played a mediating effect in that relationship. Using ECM panel analysis with a sample of 9 ASEAN member states, the paper found that: (1) In the long and short term, the lower level of corruption will reduce CO2 emissions from coal. (2) FDI plays a mediating effect between corruption and CO2 emissions from coal. The scheme is that the lower the level of corruption, the FDI will decrease and reduce CO2 emissions. (3) Government integrity strengthens the relationship between corruption and CO2 emissions from coal, meaning that the more honest and non-corrupt the government will have an effect that can strengthen the relationship between corruption and CO2 emissions from coal. This study recommends that the government in ASEAN member states should be keeping public trust because it will decrease the level of corruption and can save climate change in the future.
Global economy has currently integrated and has been interdependent between the developing and developed countries. The improved integration and interdependence level is expected to improve citizens’ welfare. This study aims at testing the correlation between fiscal and trade policies and welfare in ASEAN countries + 3 countries (Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos + Japan, China, and Korea). It used the secondary data from World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Economist Intelligence Unit from 1990 to 2015. The analysis uses the POLS-ECM (Panel Ordinary Least Square-Eagle Granger Error Correction Model). The results of analysis show that economic growth, infrastructure capital expenditure, economic openness, and tax ratio had a significant effect on welfare ASEAN + 3 countries
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