Etnomatematika menjadi kajian tren penelitian saat ini. Etnomatematika memberikan pengaruh positif dalam pembelajaran matematika dengan melibatkan potensi budaya. Matematika perlu dikomunikasikan dengan menyisipkan budaya sehingga siswa mudah memahami materi. Oleh karena itu, etnomatematika perlu diintegrasikan dengan suatu model pembelajaran. Dengan demikian, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran model probing-prompting berbasis etnomatematika yang dapat melatih komunikasi matematis siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan Instructional Development Institute (IDI) dengan tiga tahapan, yaitu menentukan, mengembangkan, dan mengevaluasi. Subjek penelitian adalah 30 siswa kelas 8 MTs Negeri Sidorejo Banyuwangi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui angket, observasi, lembar validasi, dan tes. Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan berupa kisi-kisi soal, soal tes, LKS, dan RPP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif. Perangkat pembelajaran ini dapat digunakan guru untuk mengembangkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa.
Understanding of cube and cuboid concepts is one of the essential goals of solid geometry learning. Most studies of students’ understanding of these concepts have posited a gap between the students’ surface area and volume conceptions of its and students’ understanding. The study aims to describe the students’ mental constructions in APOS (Action, Process, Object, and Schema) theory framework. This study used analysis of students as subject to three junior high school students who have differences in mathematical abilities with a qualitative approach. Data were collected by the task sheet and interview. The result of this study evidences that subject who has high mathematical ability could solve problems about cube and cuboid concepts correctly in the action stage. In the process and object stage, subject could provide detailed explanations of how steps to assess the surface area and volume of cube and cuboid. She compared two shapes with different sizes of cube and cuboid. In the schema stage, she made systematic understanding related to the concepts of surface area and volume of cube and cuboid. The subject who has medium mathematical ability explained her mental construction in action and process stage well, despite the error in the process stage. Next stage, she had compared two different shapes of cube and cuboid to found their ratio. The last stage, she had not completed her explanation. The subject has low mathematical ability could solve the problems about cube and cuboid concepts. At the process, object, and schema stage, she had not completed its indicators to show cube and cuboid concepts.
This study was designed to describe the understanding of quadrilateral concepts in junior high school students based on the APOS theory (Action, Process, Objects, and Schemes). The research used qualitative approach to explain the understanding of two junior high school students who had equal mathematical abilities and each had fielddependent (FD) and field-independent (FI) cognitive style with descriptive explanations. Quadrilateral task and interviews guidelines were used to explore student's quadrilateral concept. The results of this study indicated that for the action stage, both could solve understanding problems related to quadrilateral concept. For the process stage, the FI subject explained the process or the calculation coherently in every step taken in problem with understanding the characteristic of shapes to define quadrilateral concept, meanwhile the FD subject explained the process with interpreting quadrilateral concepts and calculating all steps to find the shapes area in problem verbally. In the object stage, both could compare two or more shapes in quadrilateral problem and prove steps to find areal of shapes correctly in problem. For the scheme stage, FI subject could infer the relationship between shape's properties in quadrilateral to explain quadrilateral concepts and make conclusions. In the other hand, the FD subject did not have abilities in schema stage like FI subject performed.
The purpose of this study is to determine a person's ability to perform mental activities mechanically in associating new information received with previously owned information (reconstruction) which is a reflective abstraction. The process of reconstructing the concepts of quadrilaterals and triangles by students uses the mental mechanism approach of APOS theory (interiorization, encapsulation, de-encapsulation, coordination). The process can be known by observing students and analyzing the results of student work, starting with determining 1 class to be given a mathematical ability test. 29 students were present when the math ability test was given. The results of the mathematical ability test were analyzed and then found 2 students of different sexes with moderate ability. The first student is male and the second student is female, hereinafter referred to as the research subject, then the research subject is given the task of quadrilateral and triangle. The results showed that female students had done all stages of reflective abstraction in APOS theory. So, that these students were at the level of relational understanding. Meanwhile, male students only did several stages in the reflective abstraction stage on the APOS theory so that these students were included in the level of instrumental understanding.
Kulit singkong merupakan limbah dari industri tepung tapioka yang belum dimanfaatkan dengan maksimal. Padahal kulit singkong ini mempunyai kandungan gizi yang tidak kalah dengan singkong nya, sehingga mempunyai potensi untuk dimanfaatkan dengan cara diolah menjadi tepung. Pemanfaatan tepung kulit singkong sebagai bahan pangan terkendala dengan karakteristik bahan yang tidak memenuhi kebutuhan untuk dibuat menjadi produk tertentu. Oleh karena itu diperlukan proses modifikasi sebelum dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal sebagai bahan produk makanan. Salah satu metode modifikasi tepung adalah dengan Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa pengaruh suhu dan lama waktu perlakuan HMT pada tepung kulit singkong terhadap sifat kelarutan dan swelling power. Teknik Heat Moisture Treatment dipakai untuk memodifikasi tepung kulit singkong ini agar tepung yang dihasilkan menjadi lebih baik lagi, dengan variable suhu 90oC ,100oC ,110oC dan lama pemanasan 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, 5 jam, dengan kadar air awal 28%. Kemudian dilakukan analisa swelling power, sollubility dan analisa proksimat, dari hasil analisa didapatkan hasil swelling power dan sollubility nya menurun dari tepung kulit singkong alami. Hasil solubility dan swelling power terendah yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini diperoleh pada suhu 1000C waktu 5 jam dengan solubility sebesar 6% dan swelling power sebesar 9,4. Kata kunci: Kulit singkong,Tepung modifikasi, Heat Moisture Treatment
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