The provision and usage of online and e-learning system is becoming the main challenge for many universities during COVID-19 pandemic. E-learning system such as Blackboard has several fantastic features that would be valuable for use during this COVID-19 pandemic. However, the successful usage of e-learning system relies on understanding the adoption factors as well as the main challenges that face the current e-learning systems. There is lack of agreement about the critical challenges and factors that shape the successful usage of e-learning system during COVID-19 pandemic; hence, a clear gap has been identified in the knowledge on the critical challenges and factors of e-learning usage during this pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to explore the critical challenges that face the current e-learning systems and investigate the main factors that support the usage of e-learning system during COVID-19 pandemic. This study employed the interview method using thematic analysis through NVivo software. The interview was conducted with 30 students and 31 experts in e-learning systems at six universities from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. The findings of this study offer useful suggestions for policy-makers, designers, developers and researchers, which will enable them to get better acquainted with the key aspects of the e-learning system usage successfully during COVID-19 pandemic.

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<p class="Default">This research examines the mobile-government services adoption, by combining both UTAUT and GAM models with adding new constructs for explaining the key factors that affect on adoption of mobile-government services. As a result, the study identified the critical factors that influence users’ to adopt the system, and developed an integrated model as a powerful tool that assists in the adoption process of mobile-government applications. The novelty of this research will be an added value to the body of knowledge and its implications will be vital for researchers and decision/policy makers who are willing to make a change.</p>

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Jamming attack is one of the most common threats on wireless networks through sending a high-power signal to the network in order to corrupt legitimate packets. To address Jamming attacks problem, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to describe and simulate the behavior of a large group of entities, with similar characteristics or attributes, as they progress to achieve an optimal group, or swarm. Therefore, in this study enhanced version of PSO is proposed called the Improved PSO algorithm aims to enhance the detection of jamming attack sources over randomized mobile networks. The simulation result shows that Improved PSO algorithm in this study is faster at obtaining the location of the given mobile network at which coverage area is minimal and hence central compared to other algorithms. The Improved PSO as well was applied to a mobile network. The Improved PSO algorithm was evaluated with two experiments. In the First experiment, The Improved PSO was compared with PSO, GWO and MFO, obtained results shown the Improved PSO is the best algorithm among others to fine obtain the location for jamming attack. In Second experiment, Improved PSO was compared with PSO in mobile network environment. The obtain results prove that Improved PSO is better than PSO for obtaining the location in mobile network where coverage area is minimal and hence central.