PEMBERDAYAAN SOSIAL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA DI PEKON KILUAN NEGRI, KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS, PROVINSI LAMPUNG Abstrak Konsep ekowisata menekankan pada pengelolaan wisata berbasis masyarakat lokal dengan salah satu tujuan utamanya adalah pemberdayaan sosial masyarakat lokal. Pemberdayaan sosial mengacu pada pendekatan yang dilakukan oleh Scheyvens (1999) meliputi partisipasi masyarakat lokal dalam pengelolaan ekowisata, alokasi hasil pengembangan ekowisata untuk masyarakat lokal dan tidak adanya indikasi kegagalan pengembangan ekowisata. Berdasarkan kerangka ini, penelitian di Pekon Kiluan Negri dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara, pengamatan dan focuss group discussion. Penelitian dilakukan selama satu bulan pada masa sepi dan ramai kunjungan. Mayarakat pekon Kiluan Negri diambil sebagai batasan masyarakat lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara umum telah ada partisipasi masyarakat, ada alokasi hasil pengembangan ekowisata untuk masyarakat dan penilaian negatif dari masyarakat untuk unsur kegagalan. Partisipasi belum melibatkan perempuan, anak dan unsur masyarakat yang tidak terlibat dalam LSM, bukan aparat desa dan tokoh desa serta bukan penyedia layanan wisata. Keterbukaan alokasi hasil pengembangan ekowisata juga masih ditanyakan peruntukannya oleh masyarakat pada kelompok ini. Ini menunjukkan masih diperlukannya pelibatan masyarakat secara menyeluruh dan keterbukaan pengelolaan dana hasil pengembangan ekowisata. Kata Kunci: Pemberdayaan sosial, ekowisata, Teluk Kiluan, Lampung SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT ON ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN KILUAN NEGRI VILLAGE, TENGGAMUS REGENCY, PROVINCE OF LAMPUNG Abstract The concept of ecotourism emphasizing on local community-based tourism management with one of its primary attraction is a social empowerment of local communities. Social empowerment refers to the approach taken by Scheyvens (1999) that includes the participation of local communities in the management of ecotourism, the allocation of profits gained in the ecotourism development for the local community and no indication of failure in the ecotourism development. Based on the framework, the research at the Negri Kiluan Village was conducted with qualitative methods and data collection techniques (interview), observation and focus group discussion. The study was conducted for one month during the low and high season of tourism. Residents of Kiluan Negri Village was selected to be analysed for the study. The results showed that in general, there were community participation, allocation of profits from ecotourism development for the community and the community's negative view or opinion of failing. Local community did not involve women, children, any NGOs, village officials and leaders, and travel service providers. The allocation of profit transparency of the ecotourism development was still questioned by the people in this group. It showed the need for the involvement of all the village residents and the transparency in the management of ecotourism development. Keywords: social empowerment, ecotourism, Teluk Kiluan, Lampung
This study examines the impact of urbanization on tourism development in Bogor City as part of the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA). Previous studies examined the impact of urbanization based on an analysis of urbanization indicators. Inter-city relations in JMA lead to capital and population flows in the form of inter-city migration, development of residential and industrial areas. This study examines the impact of urbanization on tourism development in cities around Jakarta. The argument put forward, urbanization can build a form of city tourism. The study was conducted in Bogor City, a part of JMA, which has experienced urbanization since the royal era and has a variety of tourism services. In contrast to previous research, this study examines urbanization indicator data and the relationship between urbanization history and urbanization indicator data with the development of tourism facilities. The study found that urbanization encourages the development of hotel and restaurant tourism facilities in Bogor City. This is not related to the historical urbanization of the city, other tourism developments, and the relative position of Bogor City among JMA cities. Urbanization encourages the development of tourism facilities through inter-city tourist activity. The research proposes to study the development of tourism facilities as a new perspective on urbanization studies at JMA.
The development of urban tourism has an opportunity to eliminate the development gap in urban areas, but in contrary almost always giving close access for the substandard urban community. The substandard urban communities are represented by micro-scale tourism providers. This study examines the opportunities provided by the government on micro-scale tourism providers in Bogor City’s tourism development policies. The analysis of three space production activities was arranged by analyzing policy documents and observation. The study found tourism development policies are not sufficient in overcoming gaps in urban tourism development through opportunities given to micro-scale tourism providers. The study suggests tourism development policy has to insert the micro-scale tourism providers as the focus of city tourism development, provide legal access to the city center area, and include them in tourism propaganda.
Kemampuan teknis karyawan kantor depan terkait erat dengan kemampuan komunikasi karyawan kantor depan dan kemampuan komunikasi karyawan kantor depan merupakan bagian penting dalam mendukung kepuasan tamu. Oleh karenanya, penelitian ini mengkaji hubungan antara kualitas komunikasi karyawan kantor depan dalam melayani tamu dan kepuasan tamu di Wisma DPR RI Bogor. Penelitian di hotel milik pemerintah dengan tamu berasal dari satu kelompok tamu masih jarang dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif melalui survey terhadap 100 orang tamu. Pengolahan data kemampuan komunikasi karyawan kantor depan dan kepuasan tamu menggunakan Weight Mean Skor dan penentuan interval antara satu kriteria dengan kriteria lainnya. Analisis hubungan antar-variabel menggunakan regresi berganda dan membandingkan dengan perhitungan koefisien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Keterampilan komunikasi karyawan kantor depan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan tamu di Wisma DPR RI Bogor. Nilai koefisien menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh y faktor lain yang mempengaruhi kepuasan tamu di Wisma DPR RI Bogor selain faktor keterampilan komunikasi karyawan kantor depan. Faktor-faktor yang mungkin mempengaruhi kepuasan tamu selain kemampuan komunikasi karyawan kantor depan dapat diketahui melalui penelitian lain.
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