The proposed classification is valid, as it classifies subjects according to their PA and SB, and outcomes are related to objectively measured fitness. It could facilitate the work of public health authorities, researchers, and physicians.
Consumo de oxígeno de niños y niñas con sobrepeso y obesos en los Consumo de oxígeno de niños y niñas con sobrepeso y obesos en los diferentes estadios de una prueba progresiva en un tapiz rodante. diferentes estadios de una prueba progresiva en un tapiz rodante.Agustín Meléndez-Ortega Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF-UPM. EspañaCatherine Lucy Davis Paule Barbeau Colleen Ann Boyle Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia. USA Introduction: Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic risks but it is difficult to assess in obese children. The objective of this study was to develop an equation to estimate VO2 (mL/kg/min) and to check the % of tests that were maximal according to recommended criteria. Methods: Stress tests were analyzed of 222 subjects (94 male and 128 female with a BMI above the 85 percentile for age and sex), and repeated 4 months later. Mean age was 9.4 + 1.1 years and weighed 52.4 + 13.3 kg. Body fat % (40.5 + 6.2) was determined by DXA (Hologic QDR 4500W). The protocol on the treadmill started with a warm up at 2.5 and 3 mph with a slope of 0% and 2%. The speed was kept at 3 mph for all the stages and the slope was increased 2% every 2 minutes. Statistical analysis (descriptive, ttest and ANOVAS 2x2x2) was done with SPSS 15.0. Results: Only 35% of the tests were maximal. The equation calculates was Y = 2.6x + 22.3 (x = protocol stage). Data pre and post treatment were not statistically different Discussion: Increments in VO2 were consistent despite subject diversity (sex, % body fat, physical fitness, treatment). Conclusion: To be able to estimate VO2 at the different stages of the test without complex equipment or specialized staff, will facilitate the performance of stress tests on a daily basis. R e s u m e nCorrespondence/correspondencia: Agustín Meléndez-Ortega Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF. UPM. (España) e-mail: agustin.melendez@upm.es Introducción: El consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2 max) está asociado con riesgos cardiovasculares y metabólicos pero resulta difícil valorarlo en niños y niñas obesos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar una ecuación para estimar su VO2 (mL/kg/min) y comprobar el porcentaje de pruebas máximas según los criterios recomendados. Métodos: Se analizaron las pruebas de esfuerzo de 222 sujetos (94 varones y 128 mujeres con un IMC superior al percentil 85 para su edad y sexo), y las repetidas a los 4 meses. Su edad era 9,4 + 1,1 años y pesaban 52,4 + 13,3 kg. El % de grasa corporal (40,5 + 6,2) se determinó mediante DXA (Hologic QDR 4500W). El protocolo del tapiz rodante comenzó calentando a 4,02 km/h y a 4,83 km/h con pendientes del 0% y 2%. La velocidad se mantuvo a 4,83 km/h en los estadíos de la prueba incrementando la pendiente un 2% cada 2 minutos. El análisis estadístico (descriptivo, t-tests y ANOVAS 2x2x2) se realizó con SPSS 15.0. Resultados: Sólo 35% de las pruebas resultaron máximas. La ecuación resultante fu...
Osteoporosis, a manifestation of bone atrophy that leads to great susceptibility to fractures, is a very important public health problem today because of its great morbidity, mortality and important economic repercussions. It is a problem that will tend to become more serious with the increase in the number of elderly persons. Bone mass is gained during adolescence, reaches a plateau during the third decade and remains stable until approximately age 50, after which a progressively gradual loss is observed. There is no real cure for osteoporosis, but a series of strategies can be used to reduce bone loss and improve bone mass. Osteoporosis has been considered a disease that accompanies the process of ageing; however, this fatalistic attitude should be discarded, as it is possible to correct and decrease the risk factors. Intervention strategies are based on three pillars: nutrition, physical activity and pharmacological agents. Physical activities and exercise programmes are important because they not only can counter the loss of bone mass but also improve neuromuscular capacity, maintaining and increasing strength and muscle mass, which can help to avoid falls and reduce their impact and consequences. The general principles that apply to any exercise programme also apply to preventing bone mass loss. They also can be applied to persons with osteoporosis. However, to understand the peculiarities of these programmes, the propensity for suffering fractures of these former groups should be kept in mind. Special care should be taken to avoid falls and injuries. Weight-bearing exercise and resistance training are recommended for the prevention programmes. Other activities such as tai-chi, dancing, gymnastic or callisthenic exercises can help to improve balance, gait and muscle coordination and diminish the risk of falling. These programmes should be complemented with postural education and a series of safety precautions.
The high exigency in the elite sportsmen does more necessary to control the process of training adaptation. The purpose of this review is to analyze the biological information of a blood analysis to obtain data of load training in endurance athletes. Most blood parameters has been used to evaluate the overtraining state instead of determining the training process. The plasma concentrations of metabolic substrates (glucose and fatty acids) are not parameters that can be used to control the training, due to their low specificity and sensitivity. However, the concentration of certain enzymes that takes part in the use of the substrates can be important.
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