A Novel Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Classification and Its Relationship With Physical Fitness in Spanish Older Adults: The PHYSMED Study

Abstract

The proposed classification is valid, as it classifies subjects according to their PA and SB, and outcomes are related to objectively measured fitness. It could facilitate the work of public health authorities, researchers, and physicians.

Physical fitness of women over 50 years of age and self-esteem quality of life and health

“…The quality of life and health of older people, as demonstrated in many studies, are significantly related to systematic physical activity, which causes a slowdown in the course of involutional processes [2,10,11]. It should also be noted that apart from changes in muscle tissue resulting in a decrease in physical performance, the sense of balance is equally important [5,7,20,27] Fig.…”

“…In women, an increase in morbidity, physical and mental bad well-being as well as a decline in physical activity is observed during menopause. This is the stage leading to the change of lifestyle to a more sedentary one, which favors the deterioration of the quality of movement [2,7]. The common sedentary lifestyle and work, but also passive leisure time, intensify the involutional decline in the level of physical fitness.…”

“…Therefore, the goal of many actions and programs aimed at seniors is to promote physical activity and other pro-health behaviors that can provide elderly people with the ability to function independently and thus reduce the costs of health and social care. Maintaining the ability to work and functional physical fitness at a satisfactory level makes it easier for older people to actively participate in social and family life [2,10]. This, in turn, contributes to the promotion of a positive and active image of older people.…”

The impact of physical activity and fitness on health biomarkers and oxidative stress in adults aged over 55 years = Impacto de la actividad y la condición física sobre biomarcadores de salud y estrés oxidativo en adultos mayores de 55 años

“…However, most studies assessing PA with questionnaires for methodological or economic reasons. The different protocols used to measure PA in the elderly population might explain the dissimilar results of these investigations (20 Housework activities may increase overall activity levels, but these activities are not intensive enough to achieve the moderate-to-vigorous intensity recommended for optimal health (328). The findings on housework activities and health are mixed, with several studies finding that housework activities are unrelated or positively related to obesity (216,336) and others finding associations with reduced risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality (2,242).…”

“…Our population was classified into 4 groups: inactive and low sedentary, inactive and high sedentary, active and high sedentary and active and low sedentary taking into account the classification proposed by Aparicio-Ugarriza et al (22). Variables were categorized as being within reference range (coded as 1) or out of the reference range (coded as 0).…”