AbstrakPemerintahan Daerah di Indonesia mendapatkan justifikasi filosofis dalam cita dan ideabernegara yang digagas oleh "The Founding Father" dalam perdebatan perumusan danpenyusunan konstitusi dalam pendirian Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Norma UUDNRI Tahun 1945 secara tekstual dalam kaidah Pasal 18, Pasal 18A dan Pasal 18Bmengamanatkan figur hukum dalam pelaksanaan pemerintahan daerah sebagai satukesatuan dalam konsep bentuk dan susunan negara "Kesatuan dan Republik". Sementaradisisi lainnya, konsepsi negara kesatuan cenderung terjadinya sentralisasi, tetapi dalamkonteks pelaksanaan pemerintahan di NKRI tetap mengedepankan perwujudandesentralisasi pemerintahan di daerah yang diikuti proses dan mekanisme terjadinya pendelegasian kewenangan dalam memberikan keleluasaan daerah untuk berkreasi dengansumber daya manusia dan sumber daya alam dalam memajukan pembangunan didaerahnya. Namun, dalam proses pendelegasian kewenangan dalam mekanisme penyerahandan pelimpahan kewenangan kepada pemerintah daerah melalui penerapan asas desentralisasi, dekonsentrasi dan tugas pembantuan, tidak meninggalkan aspek kesatuan dalam kerangkan negara kesatuan. Karena hakekat penguatan otonomi tidak berarti lepas dan seluas-luasnya tanpa pengawasan dan koordinasi dengan pemerintah pusat
This research examines and analyzes the legal relationship and protection between service providers and consumers in the agreement of personal shopping services through e-commerce platforms. This empirical legal research was conducted in Makassar from December 2022 to February 2023. Data is collected through direct interviews with the two informants and questionnaires for the 30 respondents. The obtained data is then quantitatively analyzed and presented in argumentative and infographic forms to describe the problem and address the research purposes. The results show that the legal relationship occurring in personal shopping service transactions can be categorized as a legal relationship of sale and purchase because there is no substantial difference in the elements. In principle, the service provider can be held accountable if the consumer suffers a loss due to the non-fulfillment of legal obligations within the transaction. In this research, the service provider has fulfilled its obligation to provide compensation, damages, or product replacements if the products consumers receive do not conform to the agreement of personal shopping service through e-commerce platforms. Therefore, it is recommended that consumers should be diligent in understanding the agreement’s terms and conditions of personal shopping services. Service providers must ensure transparent communication, maintain high-quality services, and fulfill their obligations by providing compensation or product replacements when necessary. Meanwhile, the Government should establish and enforce regulations to protect service providers and consumers, creating a fair and reliable e-commerce environment for personal shopping services. In addition, these regulations are also intended to prevent fraud that can be detrimental to all parties in the agreement of personal shopping services through e-commerce platforms in the future.
Coalitions of political parties built within the presidential system, especially in Indonesia, are non-binding and permanent. If government policies or programs are not famous or inline, political parties tend to engage in opposition. This study aims to determine the implementation of the presidential system with a multiparty system and efforts to realize a stable and dynamic government based on the Indonesian constitutional system. This research uses a normative approach. Types and sources of legal materials consist of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The analysis technique used in this research is the hermeneutic analysis method. The study results concluded that with the implementation of the presidential system with a multiparty system, it is rare for a President to be elected and from the majority party. Furthermore, with the election of a minority President and a majority in Parliament, the President will strengthen his position by forming a coalition. However, building a stable coalition is difficult in a multiparty presidential democracy. In this regard, the institutional engineering agenda that needs to be designed includes simplifying the number of factions in Parliament by tightening the threshold requirements for fraction formation; parliamentary coalition regulations aimed at both political blocs (coalition and opposition); strengthening the institution and authority of the Regional Representative Council to balance the House of Representatives so that checks and balances not only occur between the President and the House of Representatives but also between the House of Representatives and the Regional Representative Council.
This study aims to examine and analyze the implementation, prevention, forms of violations, and factors influencing the ASN Neutrality principle in the 2020 Regional Head Elections in Maros Regency. This study uses empirical research methods. Primary data collection is done by direct interviews. The data obtained in this study were then analyzed qualitatively to analyze the problem and answer the research objectives. The results showed that the neutrality of civil servants in implementing the 2020 Regional Head Elections in the Maros Regency had not been carried out correctly. The worst condition was because three unscrupulous employees violated ASN neutrality more than once. Meanwhile, Bawaslu has taken various forms of efforts to prevent violations related to ASN Neutrality in Maros Regency: through coordination and outreach meetings, letters of appeal, and visual aids. The factors that influence the neutrality of ASN in the holding of Regional Head Elections: are patron-client culture, primordial (kinship relations), law enforcement, and motivation for positions. Therefore, it is recommended that the Ministry of Internal Affairs increasingly consider the principle of neutrality in the selection process for ASN candidates. In addition, it is recommended that KASN provide strict sanctions for ASN who are not neutral. In this case, in the future, there will be no more violations of ASN neutrality that are committed more than once.
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